Derby Phones is considering the introduction of a new model of headphones with the following price and cost characteristics. Sales price $ 18 per unit Variable costs 7 per unit Fixed costs 27,000 per month Assume that the projected number of units sold for the month is 7,000. Consider requirements (b), (c), and (d) independently of each other. Required: a. What will the operating profit be? b. What is the impact on operating profit if the sales price decreases by 10 percent? Increases by 20 percent? c. What is the impact on operating profit if variable costs per unit decrease by 10 percent? Increase by 20 percent? d. Suppose that fixed costs for the year are 10 percent lower than projected, and variable costs per unit are 10 percent higher than projected. What impact will these cost changes have on operating profit for the year? Will profit go up? Down? By how much?
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
Derby Phones is considering the introduction of a new model of headphones with the following price and cost characteristics.
| Sales price | $ | 18 | per unit |
| Variable costs | 7 | per unit | |
| Fixed costs | 27,000 | per month | |
Assume that the projected number of units sold for the month is 7,000. Consider requirements (b), (c), and (d) independently of each other.
Required:
a. What will the operating profit be?
b. What is the impact on operating profit if the sales price decreases by 10 percent? Increases by 20 percent?
c. What is the impact on operating profit if variable costs per unit decrease by 10 percent? Increase by 20 percent?
d. Suppose that fixed costs for the year are 10 percent lower than projected, and variable costs per unit are 10 percent higher than projected. What impact will these cost changes have on operating profit for the year? Will profit go up? Down? By how much?
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