Define the following and give an example of each. (a) dispersion force Dispersion forces are -Select- : electrostatic attractions that occur due to the random electronic motion within all substances, -Select- : those that are nonpolar. When the electrons within a molecule or atom are distributed asymmetrically about the nucleus, that molecule or atom will adopt a --Select- :).-Select- : dipole. The presence of this dipole can then distort the electrons of a neighboring atom or molecule, producing an -Select-- : dipole. These two rapidly fluctuating dipoles thus result in a brief electrostatic -Select- :) between the two species. These forces are stronger in-Select- atoms and molecules. For example, dispersion forces between -Select- :) molecules will be stronger than dispersion forces between -Select- : molecules. (b) dipole-dipole attraction A dipole-dipole force is the electrostatic attraction between two -Select- A dipoles. The attraction occurs between the partial positive end of one polar molecule and the partial -Select-- A end of another polar molecule, For example, -Select- A molecules will exhibit dipole-dipole forces on each other. (c) hydrogen bond Hydrogen bonding is a particularly -Select-- :) type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a small, -Select- :) electronegative atom (including F, O, and N). The attraction is between the hydrogen atom and the F, O, or N atom on the neighboring molecule. For example, -Select- e molecules will exhibit hydrogen bonding.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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(a)

dispersion force

Dispersion forces are (Very weak),(Very strong) electrostatic attractions that occur due to the random electronic motion within all substances,(excluding),(including) those that are nonpolar. When the electrons within a molecule or atom are distributed asymmetrically about the nucleus, that molecule or atom will adopt a (temporary),(permanent), (induced),(instantaneous) dipole. The presence of this dipole can then distort the electrons of a neighboring atom or molecule, producing an (induced),(instantaneous) dipole. These two rapidly fluctuating dipoles thus result in a brief electrostatic (attraction),(Repulsion) between the two species. These forces are stronger in (Larger and heavier),(Smaller and lighter) atoms and molecules. For example, dispersion forces between (Fluorine),(iodine) molecules will be stronger than dispersion forces between (Fluorine),(iodine) molecules.

(b)

dipole-dipole attraction

A dipole-dipole force is the electrostatic attraction between two (temporary),(permanent) dipoles. The attraction occurs between the partial positive end of one polar molecule and the partial (Positive),(Negative) end of another polar molecule. For example, (Nitrogen),(oxygen),(carbon monoxide),(chlorine)molecules will exhibit dipole-dipole forces on each other.

(c)

hydrogen bond

Hydrogen bonding is a particularly (weak),(strong) type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a small, (weakly),(highly) electronegative atom (including F, O, and N). The attraction is between the hydrogen atom and the F, O, or N atom on the neighboring molecule. For example, (acetone),(Carbon dioxide),(water),(Nitrogen dioxide) molecules will exhibit hydrogen bonding.

Define the following and give an example of each.
(a) dispersion force
Dispersion forces are
-Select--- electrostatic attractions that occur due to the random electronic motion within all substances,
-Select--- those that are nonpolar. When the electrons within a molecule or atom are distributed asymmetrically about the nucleus, that molecule or atom will
adopt a ---Select---
---Select---
dipole. The presence of this dipole can then distort the electrons of a neighboring atom or molecule, producing an ---Select---
+ dipole. These two rapidly fluctuating dipoles thus result in a brief electrostatic ---Select--- + between the two species.
These forces are stronger in ---Select---
+ jatoms and molecules. For example, dispersion forces between ---Select--- + molecules will be stronger than dispersion forces between ---Select- molecules.
(b) dipole-dipole attraction
A dipole-dipole force is the electrostatic attraction between two
-Select--- + dipoles. The attraction occurs between the partial positive end of one polar molecule and the partial
-Select---
end of another polar molecule. For example,
-Select---
+ molecules will exhibit dipole-dipole
forces on each other.
(c) hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bonding is a particularly (--Select-- +) type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a small,
molecule. For example, ---Select---
--Select---
electronegative atom (including F, O, and N). The attraction is between the hydrogen atom and the F, O, or N atom on the neighboring
+ molecules will exhibit hydrogen bonding.

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