Q: Why we use 5% CO2 in cell line incubator and why not more than or less than 5%?
A: Introduction Cell culture is the process of growing cells in controlled environments, usually away…
Q: DNA A= 5' GGG GCT AGC CCC 3' DNA B= 3' ATA TAT ATA TCC 5' DNA C= 5' TAC GTT ACG TCG 3' DNA D= 3' ATC…
A: DNA is a thread-like chain of nucleotides. The order of these nucleotides determines the information…
Q: What is the phenotype of the genetic disorder? 2. How does it express itself? 3. Does it cause…
A: according to bartleby guidelines, I can answer only first three, kindly repost the remaining…
Q: Why do certain drugs become immunogenic to the host?
A: Introduction :- Immunogenicity, which is defined as a cell or tissue's capacity to elicit an immune…
Q: Explain the role of heat shock proteins in ectotherm physiology.
A: Heat Shock proteins form the base of a cell's proteo-protection system. Genes that are activated by…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a reason why middle-income countries in the east have experienced…
A: Middle-income countries in the east have huge technological developments.
Q: When two monosaccharides bond to form a disaccharide, what else is produced? Carbon dioxide Nothing…
A: Introduction :- The simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides, which are also known as simple…
Q: State and describe the benefits of using whole-genome sequencing for diagnosis.
A: The whole genome shotgun method involves cloning, followed by accurate computer sequencing of the…
Q: Microbiology 1. Name kind of Major cell morphologies In bacteria?
A: Introduction :- Nearly all areas of the world are home to bacteria, which are essential to its…
Q: Explain briefly the physiological reason for this survival rule: When left in an island with little…
A: The "digestive system" is in charge of converting the entire food that humans eat into energy and…
Q: Why are the concepts of variable expressivity, incomplete penetrance, and delayed age of onset so…
A: Hereditary linkages explain how a genetic condition is passed down through the generations in a…
Q: What is the end result of DNA replication?
A: Two sticks of DNA are twisted around one another to form a double helix. Replication is the process…
Q: Describe the advantage nad disadvantages of the arthropod exoskeleton.
A: Arthropoda is the biggest phylum with respect to the number of species, presently including…
Q: 4- You are working with an epithelial cell line. Yesterday when you split your cells they looked…
A: Introduction Epithelial cells:- These are the cell present on the lining of internal body surfaces…
Q: Explain why we need to understand the population dynamics and its limiting factors
A: following is an explaination why we need to study population dynamics.
Q: What are the four steps in the process of phagocytosis?
A: Introduction :- In unicellular organisms, phagocytosis is a critical mechanism for nourishment; in…
Q: Which one of the following domains has peptidoglycan in the cell wall? Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
A: Introduction : Peptidoglycan, commonly referred to as murein, is a polymer made of sugars and amino…
Q: 19. What is type of contamination in * this picture? O Contamination by other cell lines O Bacteria…
A: The cells can be grown in the culture medium containing specific growth promoting factors. Usually…
Q: 5. What is LPS?
A: The outer membrane of bacteria is present next to the cell wall and is found only in gram-negative…
Q: What is the normal bacterial flora? What is its role in defense?
A: Introduction :- A population of bacteria that lives on or in the body and has a special ecological…
Q: Which two factors can both cause a population to increase? birth rate and emigration birth rate and…
A: The collection of all the individuals of a same species in a particular area at a particular time is…
Q: Describe the term VIROIDS .
A: Viroids and Viruses are not same. They differ in structure and form.
Q: Explain in detail how cytoskeletal elements function at a molecular level to bring about movement in…
A: The cytoskeleton is a framework that aids in maintaining the internal order and shape of cells. It…
Q: What are antimicrobial peptides?
A: Introduction Short strands of amino acids connected by peptide bonds are called peptides.…
Q: Q48
A: The enzymes are the biocatalyst that perform specific biological reactions. In living system all the…
Q: Matching Type. Match column A with the correct answer in column B. Write only the letter of correct…
A: Matching Type. Match column A with the correct answer in column B. Write only the letter of correct…
Q: Shown below is the growth of E. coli in nutrient agar plates after exposure to different doses of UV…
A: Bacterial growth Growth is defined as an increase in cell number/ amount on the culture plate. To…
Q: 4. Cell cultures are a simple way to conduct biological research. True O False
A: Cell culture is a laboratory technique to produce pure cell lines in-vitro. These require a specific…
Q: Describe in briefly aboyut the SDS PAGE.
A: SDS-PAGE refers to the reducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is a technique of protein…
Q: 8- The following are methods of sterilization EXCEPT: O c) Sterilization by filters O b) Autoclaving…
A: Introduction: A combination of heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration can be…
Q: 7) List 2 processes that the placenta takes over by the end of the first trimester in humans.
A: The placenta takes over the production of progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin by the end…
Q: The insects have two distinct types of development. The more primitive insect orders pass through a…
A: Metamorphosis Metamorphosis is defined as the changes that occur in insects or amphibians leading to…
Q: Which product of the Krebs Cycle does NOT contribute to energy production i cellular respiration?…
A: The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs' cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotes.…
Q: 1. Characteristics of viruses (main difference from bacteria)
A: Microbes or microorganisms are the living forms that cannot be seen with naked eye. Specialized…
Q: pMdawn is digested with EcoR1, and BamHI. Resulting in fragments shown below: EcoRI: 20 kb BamHI:…
A: Plasmids are double-stranded circular DNA found in bacteria. These contain genes related to…
Q: Why is the influence of environment significant to phenotype?
A: The effect of environment on a particular genotype to express another type of phenotype is called…
Q: 9. Explain about flagella?
A: Introduction :- Flagella are tiny, hair-like structures that aid in a cell's movement.
Q: What is the survival value of semiconservative reproduction of DNA? : What is the survival value of…
A: Introduction :- The biological process of reproduction is how new, distinct creatures, or…
Q: Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction. Include one benefit and one cost for each.…
A: Asexual reproduction involves only one parent who is capable of producing genetically identical…
Q: 6. Explain about Serological Methods of laboratory diagnosis?
A: Serological tests are the immunoassay method for testing the antigen and antibodies interactions for…
Q: Discuss the mechanisms of cell injury related to chronic alcoholism?
A: Introduction :- Cell damage, often referred to as cell injury, refers to a number of stress-related…
Q: features
A: Gametogenesis is defined as the process of formation of gametes from the precursor cells . These…
Q: Explain the advantage of a digestive system with two openings have relative to digestive systems…
A: The digestive systems that is usually been define that the annelids have two openings as opposed to…
Q: The graph below depic Number of fruit flies A B Time D
A: This is a sigmoid growth curve of a population. This graph shows that population initially increase…
Q: How is the coagulation cascade activated? How is it related to the plasma kinin cascade?
A: Multiple proteins that circulate in the blood and are activated during times of inflammation make up…
Q: How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration? Multiple Choice Stomata are only opened at night,…
A: Photorespiration is a wasteful process. It causes a decrease in productivity of plant.
Q: Which of the following actions is NOT an example of a reflex action Sneezing Blinking the eyelids…
A: The sudden and involuntary action to stimulus is called a reflex action. It helps in adapting and…
Q: Define the following terms: a. sugar b. glucose c. monosaccharide
A: The primary biomolecule nutrient in diet is sugar or carbohydrates. There are 5 different types of…
Q: Describe What is the function of the anticodon of a tRNAZ
A: The biological instruction manual known as DNA, sometimes called deoxyribonucleic acid, provides…
Q: How does an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure cause edema?
A: Introduction: Edema is described as a perceptible swelling brought on by an increase in the volume…
Define telomeres, telomerase, and senescence and describe their effects on cancer.
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- Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification in the process of cancer.Explain in detail two different genetic mutations that can promote the development of cancer. Include the name (or type) of gene mutated and whether the expression of the gene is upregulated or downregulated. Provide a description of the role the gene plays in regulating the cell cycle and how the cell is affected when the gene no longer produces a functional proteinDescribe what a telomere is, and explain its role in cancer cells’ unlimited ability to divide.
- Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. How can mutations in p53 lead to cancer, and how might gene therapy or other drug interventions inhibit the growth of a tumor?Explain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be defective for the regulation of cell division to be defective), whereas mutations in oncogenes are dominant.
- Discuss why certain cell types are less likely and others are more likely to develop cancer than others.Describe DNA Mutations: Definition: Define a mutation. Are they good or bad? What types of mutations can occur in the DNA? What can cause a mutation? Can mutation be “fixed”? What are the requirements for normal cell division? What are the requirements for cancer cells to divide and grow? Define the difference between a benign tumor, a malignant tumor, and metastatic cancer.examine the process of gene expression. Include the following: Explain the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Discuss mechanisms by which gene expression may be altered. How do these alterations induce cancer-causing mutations in cell DNA? Explain how cancer is formed. Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell behavior. Determine whether proteome data can be utilized in genetic disorder diagnosis. Relate the Human Genome Project data to the analysis of cancer genes. Relates the Human Genome Project's utility in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to diagnose and treat cancer