Deficiencies of the components of Complexes I, III, and IV tend to have severe physiological consequences, however, defi ciencies of Complex II components tend to have mild effects. Explain.
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Deficiencies of the components of Complexes I, III, and IV tend to have severe physiological consequences, however, defi ciencies of Complex II components tend to have mild effects. Explain.
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- You treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) in the lab with hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress and observe the following: (D) Ctrl H202 4 8. 12 24 Time (h) Which one of the following pathways of cell death are induced in these cells? O Pyroptosis O Apoptosis O Autophagy O Necrosis Caspase-3 activity (relative to control)Which arrestin is required for activation of phosphorylation of MDM2 during chronic Iso stimulation? use the following Figures 1and 2 respectively to explain pleaseIn McArdle's disease, a type of glycogen storage disease, there is a total deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. An individual with such disease is not able to exercise strenuously and experiences muscle cramps. Exercise leads to higher than normal levels of cellular ADP and Pi. Besides, lactic acid does not accumulate, as in the case of a normal individual. Explain the chemical imbalances shown in McArdle's discase.
- Ethanol is unusual in that it is freely soluble in both water and lipids. Thus, it has access to all regions of the highly vascularized brain. Although the molecular basis of ethanol action in the brain is not clear, ethanol evidently influences a number of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Suggest a biochemical explanation for the diverse effects of ethanol.Ligand binding to proteins may occur with varying strengths; some ligands bind tightly to proteins while others bind less tightly. The strengths of reversible binding are determined experimentally by varying concentrations of ligands, and measuring the saturation of the protein in the various ligand concentrations. One such laboratory study investigated the binding of a hormone to three different receptor proteins in the cell membrane. The data collected are shown in the table below: 1) Provide a brief explanation as to why ligand binding to proteins must be a reversible process. 2) Calculate the dissociation constant (Kd) for the hormone binding to each of the three proteins.Describe the general function and structural features of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Be sure to include an explanation of GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and GDP exchange factors (GEFs) in the context of the GTPase cycle. How are different classes of heterotrimeric G-proteins defined?
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