Based on the attached figure (Figure 9.7 in the textbook), what intracellular signaling mechanism ultimately causes the light- induced hyperpolarization of a photoreceptor? (A) N (C) FRIES Outer segment membrane Opsin 11-cis retinal -Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Disk Ell PDE M (B) 11-cis retinal Disk membrane ........... All-trans retinal GMP GMP 12 12 GMP CGMP CGMP CGMP) Nat 11 Light Inside of cell Open channel Closed channel Outside of cell Na+ Ca²+ decrease in cGMP inactivation of a phosphodiesterase activation of guanylyl cyclase increase in cGMP activation of adenylyl cyclase

Based on the attached figure (Figure 9.7 in the textbook), what intracellular signaling mechanism ultimately causes the light- induced hyperpolarization of a photoreceptor? (A) N (C) FRIES Outer segment membrane Opsin 11-cis retinal -Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Disk Ell PDE M (B) 11-cis retinal Disk membrane ........... All-trans retinal GMP GMP 12 12 GMP CGMP CGMP CGMP) Nat 11 Light Inside of cell Open channel Closed channel Outside of cell Na+ Ca²+ decrease in cGMP inactivation of a phosphodiesterase activation of guanylyl cyclase increase in cGMP activation of adenylyl cyclase

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that they express olfactory receptors that are coupled to a G protein. When the G protein is activated, it activates an adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, which then opens cyclic-AMP gated cation channels in the plasma membrane. The opening of these channels depolarizes the membrane, leading to the production of an action potential. Your friend is interested in why neurons stop responding to an odor after prolonged exposure to it, a process called adaptation. He has conducted experiments examining the depolarization of the olfactory receptor neuron, the binding of odorant to the receptor, the activation of the G protein, the levels of CAMP in the cell, and the phosphorylation of adenylyl cyclase. His results are summarized in Table 1. depolarization of neuron? odorant binding to receptor? activation of the G protein? CAMP levels in the cell? adenylyl cyclase phosphorylation? no odor no no no low no Table 1 brief…
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1- Match these terms with the correct statement or definition fa Myelinated Sodium Unmyelinated Node of Ranvier Potassium proteins Saltatory conduction Action potential Summation Threshold Leak channels A) Bare area of a myelinated axon B) Can propagate without changing its magnitude C) Type of axon that lacks myelin sheath D) The concentration of this ion and negatively charged proteins is much greater inside the cell than outside E) The concentration of this ion is much greater outside the cell than inside F) Action potentials are conducted from one node of Ranvier to another G) An action potential occurs when a graded potential reaches this level H) Type of axon that is surrounded by extensions from oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells that wrap repeatedly around a segment of the axon I) Large, negatively charged, do not cross the plasma membrane J) Occurs when the effects of one graded potential are added onto the effects produced by another graded potential K) These channels are…
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