Based on the attached figure (Figure 9.7 in the textbook), what intracellular signaling mechanism ultimately causes the light- induced hyperpolarization of a photoreceptor? (A) N (C) FRIES Outer segment membrane Opsin 11-cis retinal -Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Disk Ell PDE M (B) 11-cis retinal Disk membrane ........... All-trans retinal GMP GMP 12 12 GMP CGMP CGMP CGMP) Nat 11 Light Inside of cell Open channel Closed channel Outside of cell Na+ Ca²+ decrease in cGMP inactivation of a phosphodiesterase activation of guanylyl cyclase increase in cGMP activation of adenylyl cyclase

Based on the attached figure (Figure 9.7 in the textbook), what intracellular signaling mechanism ultimately causes the light- induced hyperpolarization of a photoreceptor? (A) N (C) FRIES Outer segment membrane Opsin 11-cis retinal -Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Disk Ell PDE M (B) 11-cis retinal Disk membrane ........... All-trans retinal GMP GMP 12 12 GMP CGMP CGMP CGMP) Nat 11 Light Inside of cell Open channel Closed channel Outside of cell Na+ Ca²+ decrease in cGMP inactivation of a phosphodiesterase activation of guanylyl cyclase increase in cGMP activation of adenylyl cyclase

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

fill in the blanks The ( ) protein in a signal transduction pathway interact with adenylate cyclase to form 2nd messenger ( ) and with phospholipase C to form the two 2nd messengers ( ) and ( )
The words for making negative mechanism are; stimuls,integration center, effector, response and receptor
34. A 32-year-old woman has had progressive intermittent double vision for the past 6 weeks and weakness in her legs for the past 2 weeks. Physical examination shows bilateral ptosis and normal sensory function in her legs. The most likely mechanism of these findings is antibody to which of the following? OA) Acetylcholine receptor B) Cholinesterase C) Motor end-plate membrane D) Myosin E) Postsynaptic membrane
34
“Although originally designed as a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue, gabapentin does not interact with either GABA receptors, rather it binds to the α2δ subunit of calcium channels.” -Which region of the neuron is this in according to the quote? Is it the axon, axon terminal, cell body or dendrite? -By what words in the quote do you know that your answer is correct?
In olfactory neurons, it is estimated that activation of the olfactory receptors results in an increase of roughly 200,000 molecules of cAMP per second. 1a) If an activated receptor produces one molecule of cAMP every 30 seconds, how many molecules of this receptor must be working in an activated neuron? How many G-alpha subunits are required in an activated neuron? 1b) If one receptor molecule is capable of activating 500 G-proteins, how many receptors will be activated?
in. What order did these happen? all trans retinal induces conformational change in Rhodospin transducin is activated PDE hydrolyzes cGMP phosphadiesterase is activated nucleotide gated in a plus and CA plus channel closes
13) Draw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane before, during, and after an action potential. On your graph, use a highlighter to clearly indicate for which portions of your graph the letter corresponding to each cellular event listed below belongs. List of cellular events: A) All K* channels open B) All Na* channels close C) The Na*/K* ATPase cotransporter transports Na* and K* across the membrane. D) All Na* channels open E) The threshold value of membrane potential is attained. F) All K* channels close G) Some Na* channels open Your graph:
Action potential conduction velocity is higher in a myelinated axon compared to an unmyelinated axon because … Question 1 options: a) the diameter of a myelinated axon is greater than the diameter of an unmyelinated axon. b) a myelinated axon has more voltage-gated sodium channels than an unmyelinated axon. c) less axonal membrane is exposed to the ECF in a myelinated axon compared to an unmyelinated axon. d) answers (a) and (b) are both correct; answer (c) is incorrect e) answers (a), (b) and (c) are all correct
Describe phototransduction in detail, comparing this process both in the dark and in the light. For each cell involved in phototransduction, discuss what ion channels may be open/close and why they are open/close, whether the cell is hyperpolarized or depolarized, what cause it to hyperpolarize or depolarize, whether the cell releases any neurotransmitters, and whether graded potential or action potential is generated in each cell.
The membrane potential labeled (0) is due to which of the following (when compared to (3) potential. (A) voltage-gated Na+ channels (B) voltage-gated K+ channels (C) voltage-gated slow Ca++ channels (D) voltage-gated fast Ca++ channels (E) voltage-gated transient Ca++ channels (F) funny channels
If TTX (tetrodotoxin) selectively binds voltage gated Na+ channels, and you tag TTX with a fluorescent marker and then you use it as a probe to label voltage-gated Na+ channels in various neurons in the CNS, would you expect the pattern of fluorescence to be different between myelinated and nonmyelinated axons? If so, how? If not, why not?