Dash Company adopted a standard costing system several years ago. The standard costs for the prime costs (i.e., direct materials and direct labor) of its single product are: Material (6 kilograms x $5.00 per kilogram) $30.00 Labor (7 hours x $16.00 per hour) 112.00 All materials are added at the beginning of processing. The following data were taken from the company's records for November: In-process beginning inventory In-process ending inventory 1,000 Units completed 7,600 Budgeted output 8,000 Purchases of materials 70,000 Total actual direct labor costs $850,000 Actual direct labor hours 57,400 Materials usage variance $ 3,500 Total materials variance $ 700 None units, 70% complete as to direct labor units units kilograms hours Unfavorable Unfavorable Required: 1. Compute for November: a. The direct labor efficiency variance. Is this variance favorable (F) or unfavorable (U)? b. The direct labor rate variance. Is this variance favorable (F) or unfavorable (U)? c. The actual number of kilograms of material used in the production process during the month.
Process Costing
Process costing is a sort of operation costing which is employed to determine the value of a product at each process or stage of producing process, applicable where goods produced from a series of continuous operations or procedure.
Job Costing
Job costing is adhesive costs of each and every job involved in the production processes. It is an accounting measure. It is a method which determines the cost of specific jobs, which are performed according to the consumer’s specifications. Job costing is possible only in businesses where the production is done as per the customer’s requirement. For example, some customers order to manufacture furniture as per their needs.
ABC Costing
Cost Accounting is a form of managerial accounting that helps the company in assessing the total variable cost so as to compute the cost of production. Cost accounting is generally used by the management so as to ensure better decision-making. In comparison to financial accounting, cost accounting has to follow a set standard ad can be used flexibly by the management as per their needs. The types of Cost Accounting include – Lean Accounting, Standard Costing, Marginal Costing and Activity Based Costing.

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