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D. How many times would you expect to find a specific 20 base pair sequence in the human genome?

D. How many times would you expect to find a specific 20 base pair sequence in the human genome?

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Student Guide D. How many times would you expect to find a specific 20 base pair sequence in the human genome?
Transcribed Image Text:Student Guide D. How many times would you expect to find a specific 20 base pair sequence in the human genome?
Part 3. Compare the Specificity of DNA-Cutting Tools The flexibility and specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 technology offer a large step forward for gene editing. The first DNA "scissors" were restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at predefined sequences, typically 4-8 base pairs long. For example, EcoRI, a restriction enzyme found in E. coli, will cut double- stranded DNA at every GAATTC sequence. If EcoRI were added to a sample that contained the entire human genome, it could cut at every GAATTC sequence. We can calculate the probability that a particular nucleotide sequence, such as GAATTC, will occur within a larger sequence. Table 1 below shows the calculated probabilities of finding sequences of particular lengths. These calculations are based on the assumption that DNA sequences are entirely random and that every nucleotide position has an equal probability of being A, T, C, or G. Use the table to answer the following questions. Table 1. Calculated probabilities of finding a specific sequence. Sequence Sequence Probability Calculation Length A AC GAATTC (EcoRI) NNNN... 1 2 CO n 14 = (1/4)¹ = 0.25 1/4*4 = (1/4)² = 0.0625 ¼*14*¼*¼*¼*¼ = (1/4)6 = 2.44 x 10-4 14*14*14*. (1/4) Predicted Occurrence in a Sequence the Length of the Human Genome (3,234,830,000 bases) 808,707,500 202,176,875 89,753 (1/4)n* 3,234,830,000
Transcribed Image Text:Part 3. Compare the Specificity of DNA-Cutting Tools The flexibility and specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 technology offer a large step forward for gene editing. The first DNA "scissors" were restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at predefined sequences, typically 4-8 base pairs long. For example, EcoRI, a restriction enzyme found in E. coli, will cut double- stranded DNA at every GAATTC sequence. If EcoRI were added to a sample that contained the entire human genome, it could cut at every GAATTC sequence. We can calculate the probability that a particular nucleotide sequence, such as GAATTC, will occur within a larger sequence. Table 1 below shows the calculated probabilities of finding sequences of particular lengths. These calculations are based on the assumption that DNA sequences are entirely random and that every nucleotide position has an equal probability of being A, T, C, or G. Use the table to answer the following questions. Table 1. Calculated probabilities of finding a specific sequence. Sequence Sequence Probability Calculation Length A AC GAATTC (EcoRI) NNNN... 1 2 CO n 14 = (1/4)¹ = 0.25 1/4*4 = (1/4)² = 0.0625 ¼*14*¼*¼*¼*¼ = (1/4)6 = 2.44 x 10-4 14*14*14*. (1/4) Predicted Occurrence in a Sequence the Length of the Human Genome (3,234,830,000 bases) 808,707,500 202,176,875 89,753 (1/4)n* 3,234,830,000
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