Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
Explain the following differences in pKa
![**Comparison of Acidities: Molecular Structures and pKa Values**
**d. Benzylic acid vs. Acetic acid**
- **Benzylic Acid**: This molecule consists of a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group (COOH). The pKa value for benzylic acid is 4.2.
- **Acetic Acid**: This molecule has a simple structure with a methyl group attached to a carboxylic acid group. The pKa value for acetic acid is 4.75.
- **Summary**: Benzylic acid is slightly more acidic than acetic acid.
**e. Methylcyclohexane vs. Toluene**
- **Methylcyclohexane**: This molecule features a six-membered cycloalkane ring with a single methyl group. Its pKa value is 50.
- **Toluene**: This molecule consists of a benzene ring with a methyl group (CH₃) attached. The pKa value for toluene is 41.
- **Summary**: Toluene is more acidic than methylcyclohexane.
**f. Cyclopentadiene vs. 1,4-Pentadiene**
- **Cyclopentadiene**: This molecule is a five-membered ring with two conjugated double bonds and one hydrogen atom. The pKa value is 16.
- **1,4-Pentadiene**: This molecule is a linear structure with two double bonds separated by two single bonds. Its pKa value is 43.
- **Summary**: Cyclopentadiene is significantly more acidic than 1,4-pentadiene.
These comparisons illustrate how molecular structure impacts acidity, as indicated by pKa values. Lower pKa values denote stronger acids.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc47c8b08-049c-42f2-9d94-570c13eff388%2Ff7be7c3a-5137-42ab-8277-fd018e27b444%2Frpy7ifq_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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