(d) Show that the pair of graphs are not isomorphic by showing that there is a property that is preserved under isomorphism which one graph has and the other does not.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
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ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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### Problem Statement
(d) Show that the pair of graphs are not isomorphic by showing that there is a property that is preserved under isomorphism which one graph has and the other does not.

### Graphs Description
- **Graph on the Left:**
  - Vertices: A, B, C, D, E
  - Edges: A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, E-A
  - Structure: This is a pentagon, showing a cyclic structure with 5 vertices connected in a closed loop.

- **Graph on the Right:**
  - Vertices: a, b, c, d, e
  - Edges: a-b, b-c, c-d, d-a, a-e
  - Structure: This graph also shows a pentagon. However, vertex 'a' has an additional edge connecting it to vertex 'e', forming a different connectivity structure and having one vertex of higher degree than others.

### Explanation
The task is to demonstrate that these two graphs are not isomorphic by identifying a property that is preserved under isomorphism but differs between the two graphs. An immediately apparent difference is that the degrees of the vertices in each graph differ. In the left graph, all vertices have the same degree, while in the right graph, there is one vertex with a different degree, indicating they cannot be isomorphic.
Transcribed Image Text:### Problem Statement (d) Show that the pair of graphs are not isomorphic by showing that there is a property that is preserved under isomorphism which one graph has and the other does not. ### Graphs Description - **Graph on the Left:** - Vertices: A, B, C, D, E - Edges: A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, E-A - Structure: This is a pentagon, showing a cyclic structure with 5 vertices connected in a closed loop. - **Graph on the Right:** - Vertices: a, b, c, d, e - Edges: a-b, b-c, c-d, d-a, a-e - Structure: This graph also shows a pentagon. However, vertex 'a' has an additional edge connecting it to vertex 'e', forming a different connectivity structure and having one vertex of higher degree than others. ### Explanation The task is to demonstrate that these two graphs are not isomorphic by identifying a property that is preserved under isomorphism but differs between the two graphs. An immediately apparent difference is that the degrees of the vertices in each graph differ. In the left graph, all vertices have the same degree, while in the right graph, there is one vertex with a different degree, indicating they cannot be isomorphic.
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