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Prisoners' Dilemma: Which one of the following description is CORRECT according to the Normal Form?
1.) Prisoner 1 would choose defect (D) no matter which choice Prisoner 2 makes.
2.) Prisoner 2 would choose cooperate (C) no matter which choice Prisoner 1 makes.
3.) Eventually, both Prisoners would choose cooperate (C) so that they can be better off.
4.) Eventually one of Prisoners would choose cooperate (C) and the other would choose defect (D).
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- Game theory: Consider a collective action game with thirty individuals (N = 30). When the number of participants in the joint project is n, each individual, including shirkers, receives a benefit of B(n) = 18n and each participant incurs a cost of C(n) = 32 − 2n. 1. Find all of the Nash equilibria, both stable and unstable ones. 2. Find the socially optimal outcome. 3. Check if any of the Nash equilibria is socially optimal. Explain your answer.Analyze the following game. Create payoff bimatrices consistent with the information given. Explain your choices. Then find the maximin moves, all dominated strategies for all players. Game: Adam, Bill, and Cindy are registering for a foreign language class independently and simultaneously. The available classes are ITA100 and FRE100. They d not care much which, but they care with whom they share the class. Bill and Cindy want to be in the same class, but want to avoid Adam. Adam wants to be in the same class as Bill or Cindy, or even better, both.1) Consider the following variant of the prisoner's dilemma with altruistic preferences. For simplicity, I'm adding 15 to the payoffs of the baseline normal form representation of the game we describe in class which results in the following: Player I\ Player 2 Cooperate Non-Cooperate Cooperate 8.8 0,15 Non Cooperate 15,0 14,14 Assume now that the players are not “selfish”; rather the preference of each player i are represented by the payoff (utility) function m; (a) + ßm; (a) where mi(a) is the payoff received by player i when the strategy profile is a, j is the other player, and ß is a given non-negative number. Player 1's payoff to the strategy profile (Cooperate, Cooperate), for example, is 8+8ß. A) Assume ß = 1. Write the normal form of the game. Is this game a prisoner's dilemma? What is the Nash equilibria of the game? B) Find the range of values of ß for which the resulting game is the prisoner's dilemma.
- A "Prisoner's Dilemma" is a situation in which both parties: a) have an incentive to cooperate(meaning working with the other criminal by keeping one's mouth shut) even without communication b) have an incentive to not cooperate(meaning working with other criminal by keeping one's mouth shut) even through cooperation would be mutually benefical. c)have no incentives to cooperate or not cooperate because either way they lose.Player 1 Cooperate (C) Defect (D) Cooperate (C) 3,3 8,0 Player 2 Defect (D) 0,8 1,1 In general, a combination of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if ... Every player is choosing a best response against the other players' strategies. Every player has a positive payoff. The players maximize the sum of their payoffs. The players choose identical strategies. If the game is repeated, which cooperative actions could benefit both players? O Both players choose C. Player 1 chooses C, Player 2 chooses D. O Player 1 chooses D, Player 2 chooses C. Both players choose D.John and Jane usually vote against each other’s party in the SSC elections resulting to negating or offsetting their votes. If they vote for their party of choice, each of them gains four units of utility (and lose four units of utility from a vote against their party of choice). However, it costs each of them two units of utility for the hassle of actually voting during the SSC elections. A. Diagram a game in which John and Jane choose whether to vote or not to vote.
- To achieve Pareto optimum in a Prisoner's Dilemma, we assume that the players confess pick the best individual payoff I choose to use one of my three skips on this question. work togetherQUESTION 4 Suppose there are 2 players in a non- cooperative game theory situation. Player A can move Up or Down while Player B can choose Left or Right. The following matrix contains the payoffs that each player receives under 4 scenarios. The first number in each cell refers to the payoffs for Player A. Player A Up Down A. B. C. 10, 60 D. 20, 80 Player B Suppose Player A moves first and Player B moves second. There is one equilibrium, Up, Left Left There is one equilibrium: Down, Right. 50, 90 40, 50 There are two equilibria, (Down, Left) and (Up, Right) Right There is one equilibrium in this game, Up Right“To be or not to be, that is the question.” Imagine that in answering this question Hamlet had the following data to consider. Hamlet must choose either “To Be” or “Not to Be.” If Hamlet chooses “To Be” then his enemy the King will make a decision to either “Kill” Hamlet or let him “Live.” If Hamlet is killed by the King his payoff in this game is 200 since he will have been killed by the King who is his uncle and who also killed Hamlet’s father, the King’s brother, who was the prior king. If the King decides to let Hamlet Live then Hamlet will be able to avenge his father’s death and his payoff will be +300. Hamlet also considers suicide an option but given the uncertainty of the afterlife if he chooses not to be then his payoff is +100 since his doesn’t what the afterlife holds for one who kills himself. Draw the complete game tree for this situation. Be sure to accurately label the tree and include the payoffs. Assume Hamlet will choose the course of action that offers the highest…
- 7Mixed Nash Equilibrium Player 2 C D A 5,1 1,3 B 2,6 4,2 PLAYER 1 a) calculate the probability In equilibrium Player 1 chooses A with probability a= [?] and player 2 chooses M with probability B = [ ?] b) calculate payoff for mixed strategy nash equilibrium Player 1 gets payoff of [?] Player 2 gets payoff of [?] c) Suppose the payoff for (B,C) would change to (0,8) Would probability a increase,decrease, stay the same? Would probability B increase,decrease, stay the same?The ultimatum game is a game in economic experiments. The first player (the proposer) receives a sum of money and proposes a fair proposal (F - 5;5) or unfair proposal (U - 8;2). The second player (the responder) chooses to either accept (A) or reject (R) this proposal. If the second player accepts, the money is split according to the proposal. If the second player rejects, neither player receives any money. 1 A 5:5 2 F R 0:0 U A 8:2 2 1. Find the subgame perfect Nash Equilibrium using backward induction. R 0;0