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cstrings.cpp #include #include using namespace std; 1 3 4 int main() { const int MAX = 10; char cstr[MAX] = "bubble"; const char* a = "talent"; 7 8 9 10 strcat(cstr, a); 11 cout « "cstr->" « cstr <« endl; } 12

cstrings.cpp #include #include using namespace std; 1 3 4 int main() { const int MAX = 10; char cstr[MAX] = "bubble"; const char* a = "talent"; 7 8 9 10 strcat(cstr, a); 11 cout « "cstr->" « cstr <« endl; } 12

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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**Running Program with Substitutions** This table presents the results of running a program with various string substitutions. It compares the actual program output to the expected outcome. | Status | Input ("a") | Actual Output | Expected Output | |--------|-------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------| | fail | "remind" | cstr->bubbleremind <br> *** stack smashing detected ***: terminated | cstr->bubbleremind | | fail | "trust" | cstr->bubbletrust <br> *** stack smashing detected ***: terminated | cstr->bubbletrust | | pass | "wait" | cstr->bubblewait | cstr->bubblewait | **Summary:** - **Fail Cases:** When the input "a" is "remind" or "trust," the program outputs the expected string but also detects a "stack smashing" issue, leading to termination. - **Pass Case:** For the input "wait," the program performs as expected without issues. These results highlight potential vulnerabilities in handling specific inputs, marked by "stack smashing," which need to be addressed for improved program stability.
Transcribed Image Text:**Running Program with Substitutions** This table presents the results of running a program with various string substitutions. It compares the actual program output to the expected outcome. | Status | Input ("a") | Actual Output | Expected Output | |--------|-------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------| | fail | "remind" | cstr->bubbleremind <br> *** stack smashing detected ***: terminated | cstr->bubbleremind | | fail | "trust" | cstr->bubbletrust <br> *** stack smashing detected ***: terminated | cstr->bubbletrust | | pass | "wait" | cstr->bubblewait | cstr->bubblewait | **Summary:** - **Fail Cases:** When the input "a" is "remind" or "trust," the program outputs the expected string but also detects a "stack smashing" issue, leading to termination. - **Pass Case:** For the input "wait," the program performs as expected without issues. These results highlight potential vulnerabilities in handling specific inputs, marked by "stack smashing," which need to be addressed for improved program stability.
## Code Problem: String Concatenation in C++ The following code snippet is intended to concatenate two strings in C++ but doesn't always work correctly. Identify and resolve the issue to ensure proper functionality. ### Source Code: `cstrings.cpp` ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; int main() { const int MAX = 10; char cstr[MAX] = "bubble"; const char* a = "talent"; strcat(cstr, a); cout << "cstr->" << cstr << endl; } ``` ### Analysis - **Explanation of the Code Issues**: - The `char cstr[MAX] = "bubble";` initializes a character array with the string "bubble". However, `cstr` is not large enough to hold the concatenated result of "bubble" and "talent", which requires at least 13 characters (including the null terminator). - Using `strcat(cstr, a);` assumes sufficient space in `cstr` for concatenation, leading to undefined behavior since the maximum size for `cstr` is only 10. ### Solution - **Fix the Concatenation Issue**: Increase the size of `cstr` to accommodate additional characters. ### Corrected Code ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; int main() { const int MAX = 20; // Increased size to fit "bubble" + "talent" + null terminator char cstr[MAX] = "bubble"; const char* a = "talent"; strcat(cstr, a); cout << "cstr->" << cstr << endl; } ``` ### Explanation - **Modified Code**: - The size of `cstr` is increased to ensure it can hold the concatenated string "bubbletalent", including the null terminator. - **Expected Output**: - The program will now correctly output: `cstr->bubbletalent`. ### Learning Point This exercise highlights the importance of ensuring adequate array size when working with C-style strings to avoid buffer overflow and ensure reliable program execution.
Transcribed Image Text:## Code Problem: String Concatenation in C++ The following code snippet is intended to concatenate two strings in C++ but doesn't always work correctly. Identify and resolve the issue to ensure proper functionality. ### Source Code: `cstrings.cpp` ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; int main() { const int MAX = 10; char cstr[MAX] = "bubble"; const char* a = "talent"; strcat(cstr, a); cout << "cstr->" << cstr << endl; } ``` ### Analysis - **Explanation of the Code Issues**: - The `char cstr[MAX] = "bubble";` initializes a character array with the string "bubble". However, `cstr` is not large enough to hold the concatenated result of "bubble" and "talent", which requires at least 13 characters (including the null terminator). - Using `strcat(cstr, a);` assumes sufficient space in `cstr` for concatenation, leading to undefined behavior since the maximum size for `cstr` is only 10. ### Solution - **Fix the Concatenation Issue**: Increase the size of `cstr` to accommodate additional characters. ### Corrected Code ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; int main() { const int MAX = 20; // Increased size to fit "bubble" + "talent" + null terminator char cstr[MAX] = "bubble"; const char* a = "talent"; strcat(cstr, a); cout << "cstr->" << cstr << endl; } ``` ### Explanation - **Modified Code**: - The size of `cstr` is increased to ensure it can hold the concatenated string "bubbletalent", including the null terminator. - **Expected Output**: - The program will now correctly output: `cstr->bubbletalent`. ### Learning Point This exercise highlights the importance of ensuring adequate array size when working with C-style strings to avoid buffer overflow and ensure reliable program execution.
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