Criteria to select resistor & capacitor in electrical circuit. How to select the resistor and capacitor type.

Resistors and capacitors are passive electronic components that are widely used in circuits to control current and voltage. The criteria for selecting a resistor or capacitor in a circuit depends on the requirements of the circuit and the properties of the components. Here are some factors to consider:

1. Resistance or capacitance value: The resistance or capacitance value of the component should be chosen to match the requirements of the circuit. The resistance value determines how much current flows through the component, while the capacitance value determines how much charge the component can store.

2. Tolerance: The tolerance of the component refers to the range of values that the component can have and still meet its specifications. For example, a resistor with a 5% tolerance can have a value that is 5% higher or lower than the stated value. It's important to select components with a tolerance that is appropriate for the circuit.

3. Power rating: The power rating of the component is the amount of power it can handle without getting damaged. In high-power circuits, it's important to select components with a high enough power rating to avoid overheating or failure.

4. Temperature coefficient: The temperature coefficient of a component indicates how its value changes with temperature. It's important to select components with a temperature coefficient that is appropriate for the temperature range of the circuit.

5. Operating frequency: The operating frequency of the circuit can also impact the choice of components. Capacitors have a frequency-dependent impedance, which can affect their performance in high-frequency circuits. In such cases, it's important to select capacitors with a low impedance at the operating frequency.

6. Physical size: The physical size of the component can also be a factor, especially in space-constrained designs. Small surface mount components are popular in modern electronic designs, but larger through-hole components may be more appropriate in other applications.