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Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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SERIAL DILUTION Dilution is the act of making a weaker solution from a stronger one. This is usually done by adding a water or saline, which contains none of the material being diluted. Dilution is usually expressed as one unit of the original solution to the total number of units of final solution. Serial dilution means decreasing the volume of serum progressively by maintaining a constant volume of fluid. Most commonly, serial dilutions are twofold, that is, each dilution is half as concentrated as the preceding one. The total volume in each tube is the same. Principle: Serial dilutions are a set of dilutions in which the dilution factor is exactly the same at each step. These are used to make high dilutions with a small number of test tubes and a minimal amount of diluent. This is commonly done to determine the strength or tier of a particular antibody in patient serum as a part of the diagnosis of a disease state. Traditionally, serological pipettes have been used in this process, but now it is more common to employ micropipettes for this purpose. In this experiment, a series of doubling dilution will be made with both serological pipettes and micropipettes, and the results will be compared.