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Craik & Tulving ran an experiment to determine how depth of processing during study affects memory. In the study phase, 12 participants made judgments about words. In one block (the visual condition) they indicated whether the words were written in upper case or lower case; in another block of trials (the auditory condition) they indicated whether the words. contained an "ee" sound; in another block of trials (the meaning condition) they indicated whether the meaning of the words was pleasant or unpleasant. There were 12 words in each After completing the study phase, participants were asked to write down all the words they could remember. Here are the data: Visual Mean 3.5 Auditory 4.5 Meaning 16.0 Standard Deviation 1.5 1.6 1.9

Craik & Tulving ran an experiment to determine how depth of processing during study affects memory. In the study phase, 12 participants made judgments about words. In one block (the visual condition) they indicated whether the words were written in upper case or lower case; in another block of trials (the auditory condition) they indicated whether the words. contained an "ee" sound; in another block of trials (the meaning condition) they indicated whether the meaning of the words was pleasant or unpleasant. There were 12 words in each After completing the study phase, participants were asked to write down all the words they could remember. Here are the data: Visual Mean 3.5 Auditory 4.5 Meaning 16.0 Standard Deviation 1.5 1.6 1.9

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Craik & Tulving ran an experiment to determine how depth of processing during study affects memory. In the study phase, 12 participants made judgments about words. In one block of trials (the visual condition) they indicated whether the words were written in upper case or lower case; in another block of trials (the auditory condition) they indicated whether the words contained an "ee" sound; in another block of trials (the meaning condition) they indicated whether the meaning of the words was pleasant or unpleasant. There were 12 words in each block. After completing the study phase, participants were asked to write down all the words they could remember. Here are the data: Mean Visual 3.5 Auditory 4.5 Meaning 6.0 Standard Deviation 1.5 1.6 1.9 Compared to the within-subjects design, the between-subjects design (select all that apply) Oa. Would have less statistical power O b. Would be less prone to experimenter bias O c. Would be less prone to order effects Od. Would have better construct validity
Transcribed Image Text:Craik & Tulving ran an experiment to determine how depth of processing during study affects memory. In the study phase, 12 participants made judgments about words. In one block of trials (the visual condition) they indicated whether the words were written in upper case or lower case; in another block of trials (the auditory condition) they indicated whether the words contained an "ee" sound; in another block of trials (the meaning condition) they indicated whether the meaning of the words was pleasant or unpleasant. There were 12 words in each block. After completing the study phase, participants were asked to write down all the words they could remember. Here are the data: Mean Visual 3.5 Auditory 4.5 Meaning 6.0 Standard Deviation 1.5 1.6 1.9 Compared to the within-subjects design, the between-subjects design (select all that apply) Oa. Would have less statistical power O b. Would be less prone to experimenter bias O c. Would be less prone to order effects Od. Would have better construct validity
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Step 1

Validity of the within-subjects designs:

  • A within-subjects design has more power than the between-subjects design. To achieve the equal power, the between-subjects design requires more participants compared with within-subjects design.
  • The outcomes of earlier treatment changes the outcomes of later treatment. 
  • Within-subjects designs has larger order effects. That is, the placement of a condition among several conditions affects the outcomes in the experiment.

 

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