Corporations A and B have identical gross profit margins; however, Firm B has a much larger operating profit margin. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? a. Firm A faces a very high tax rate. b. Firm A pays premium wages to attract only the most best, most productive machinists, electricians, lathe operators, and other skilled shop workers. c. Firm A borrows far more money than Firm B to fund their assets. d. Firm A spends much more money on marketing their products than Firm B.
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- A paper published in the Harvard Business Review points out a new way to calculate economic profit that could be more appropriate for service firms and other people-intensive companies. Instead of focusing on investment and return on investment, the focus is on employee productivity, in terms of both generating revenues and reducing costs. The approach is to first determine economic profit in the conventional way, except that we ignore taxes, so that economic profit is before tax, as follows: Economic profit = Operating profit − Capital charge Assume the following information for a hotel chain that wishes to adopt the new method. The firm has $100 million in operating profit, has $1 billion in investment, and uses a cost of capital rate of 5%, so the capital charge is $50 million and the economic profit is $50 million. Relevant calculations are contained in Part 1 of the following schedule: Part 1: Economic Profit (in thousands, except cost of capital rate) Revenue $…A paper published in the Harvard Business Review points out a new way to calculate economic profit that could be more appropriate for service firms and other people-intensive companies. Instead of focusing on investment and return on investment, the focus is on employee productivity, both in terms of generating revenues and reducing costs. The approach is to first determine economic profit in the conventional way, except that we ignore taxes, so that economic profit is before tax, as follows: Economic profit = Operating profit − Capital charge Assume the following information for a hotel chain that wishes to adopt the new method. The firm has $100 million in operating profit, has $1 billion in investment, and uses a cost of capital rate of 5%, so the capital charge is $50 million and the economic profit is $50 million. Relevant calculations are contained in Part 1 of the following schedule: Part 1: Economic Profit (in thousands, except cost of capital rate)…Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. Financial leverage is directly related to operating leverage. B. Increasing the corporate tax rate will not affect capital structure decisions. C. A firm with low operating leverage has a small proportion of its total costs in fixed costs. D. Total costs can be calculated as net income minus total revenue.
- Given: A company XYZ in the United States is profitable and pays taxes. XYZ produces “widgets”, and in recent years, the cost of producing each widget has been falling because the price of raw materials has been falling. Each year for the past few years, XYZ has produced significantly more widgets each year than it has sold. True or False: XYZ would report lower Net Income on the Income Statement if it used FIFO accounting versus if it used LIFO accounting Explain your answer.Suppose the firm makes the change but its competitors react by making similar changes to their own credit terms, with the net result being that gross sales remain at the current 1,000,000 level. What would be the impact on the firms after-tax profitability?Consider the effect that corporate profit taxes have on investing. Look back at Figure 15.4. Suppose that the r line is the rate of return a firm earns before taxes. If corporate profit taxes are imposed, the firm’s after-tax returns will be lower (and the higher the tax rate, the lower the after-tax returns). If the firm’s decisions about R&D spending are based on comparing after-tax returns with the interest-rate cost of funds, how will increased corporate profit taxes affect R&D spending? Does this effect modify your views on corporate profit taxes? Discuss.
- Assume the government introduces a lump-sum tax on each firm within a perfectly competitive industry. Which of the following will be true after the introduction of this tax? a. Consumer prices will increase b. There will be no change in any firm’s level of profits c. A deadweight efficiency loss will occur d. There will be no change in the market quantity of outputIf the present value of a firm's marginal financial distress costs are equal to the present value of its marginal tax shieid, the companySelect one:a.has too much debt in its capital structureb.should increase the amount of debt in ts capital structurec. has an optimal capital structured.shouid reduce the amount of equity in its capital structuree:none of the abovtWhich of the following makes this a true statement? In this slightly more realistic world with corporate taxes, managers can: Multiple Choice maximize the firm's value by taking on as much equity as possible. maximize the firm's value by taking on as much debt as possible. minimize the firm's value by taking on as much debt as possible. maximize the firm's value by financing only with debt.
- Washington Post columnist George Will once wrote the following: “Corporations do not pay [sales] taxes; they collect them, passing the burden to consumers as a cost of production.” - George Will (2010) What is the main problem with Will’s statement? (A) Corporations are subject to other taxes, such as capital gains and earned interest. (B) Producers and consumers share the burden of taxation, according to supply and demand elasticities. (C) Legal ramifications for tax evasion include fines and imprisonment, thus deterring corporations from such behaviour. (D) People who enjoy Billie Eilish should self-quarantine. Facts.Suppose a firm wants to maintain a specific TIE ratio. It knows the amount of its debt, the interest rate on that debt, the applicable tax rate, and its operating costs. With this information, the firm can calculate the amount of sales required to achieve its target TIE ratio. a. True b. FalseIf the present value of a firm’s marginal financial distress costs are less than the present value of its marginal tax shield, the company Select one: a. has too much debt in its capital structure b. should increase the amount of debt in its capital structure c. has an optimal capital structure d. should increase the amount of equity in its capital structure e. none of the above