Copper is known to be toxic to fish, and in particular, the Cu²+ species shows greatest toxicity. a. Calculate the speciation of Cu(II) for freshwater at a pH value of 8.3 as the hardness increases from 20 (soft) to 100 (moderately hard) to 200 (very hard) mg / L as CaCO3. Assume that the total divalent Cu(II) concentration is 10 µg / L. b. Based on your findings in part (a), do you think it is appropriate to set a single regulatory limit or should it depend on variables such as pH and hardness? Explain your answer.

Copper is known to be toxic to fish, and in particular, the Cu²+ species shows greatest toxicity. a. Calculate the speciation of Cu(II) for freshwater at a pH value of 8.3 as the hardness increases from 20 (soft) to 100 (moderately hard) to 200 (very hard) mg / L as CaCO3. Assume that the total divalent Cu(II) concentration is 10 µg / L. b. Based on your findings in part (a), do you think it is appropriate to set a single regulatory limit or should it depend on variables such as pH and hardness? Explain your answer.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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