Construct a stem-and-leaf display using thou- sands as the stems and truncating the leaves to the tens digit. Write a few sentences describing the shape of the distribution and any unusual observations. The four largest values were for California, Texas, Florida, and New York. Does this indicate that cancer deaths due to cigarette smoking is more of a problem in these states than else- where? Explain. If you wanted to compare states on the basis of the cancer deaths due to cigarette smoking, would you use the data in the given table? If yes, explain why this would be reasonable. If no, what would you use instead as the basis for the comparison?
Unitary Method
The word “unitary” comes from the word “unit”, which means a single and complete entity. In this method, we find the value of a unit product from the given number of products, and then we solve for the other number of products.
Speed, Time, and Distance
Imagine you and 3 of your friends are planning to go to the playground at 6 in the evening. Your house is one mile away from the playground and one of your friends named Jim must start at 5 pm to reach the playground by walk. The other two friends are 3 miles away.
Profit and Loss
The amount earned or lost on the sale of one or more items is referred to as the profit or loss on that item.
Units and Measurements
Measurements and comparisons are the foundation of science and engineering. We, therefore, need rules that tell us how things are measured and compared. For these measurements and comparisons, we perform certain experiments, and we will need the experiments to set up the devices.
The paper “State-Level Cancer Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in the United States’, (JAMA Internal Medicine [2016]: 1792-1798) included the following state estimates of the total number cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking in 2014.
|
Number of
State |
Number of
People |
Number of
State |
Number of
People |
|
Alabama |
3,183 |
Montana |
581 |
|
Alaska |
296 |
Nebraska |
927 |
|
Arizona |
3,246 |
Nevada |
1,535 |
|
Arkansas |
2,175 |
New Hampshire |
723 |
|
California |
14,689 |
New Jersey |
4,388 |
|
Colorado |
1,876 |
New Mexico |
964 |
|
Connecticut |
1,774 |
New York |
9,296 |
|
Delaware |
591 |
North Carolina |
5,844 |
|
District of Columbia |
310 |
North Dakota |
341 |
|
Florida |
12,596 |
Ohio |
7,598 |
|
Georgia |
4,816 |
Oklahoma |
2,441 |
|
Hawaii |
642 |
Oregon |
2,143 |
|
Idaho |
731 |
Pennsylvania |
7,931 |
|
Illinois |
7,114 |
Rhode Island |
631 |
|
Indiana |
4,099 |
South Carolina |
2,962 |
|
Iowa |
1,793 |
South Dakota |
476 |
|
Kansas |
1,587 |
Tennessee |
4,613 |
|
Kentucky |
3,452 |
Texas |
10,310 |
|
Louisiana |
3,044 |
Utah |
495 |
|
Maine |
927 |
Vermont |
382 |
|
Maryland |
2,900 |
Virginia |
4,110 |
|
Massachusetts |
3,565 |
Washington |
3,298 |
|
Michigan |
6,232 |
West Virginia |
1,581 |
|
Minnesota |
2,552 |
Wisconsin |
3,081 |
|
Mississippi |
1,992 |
Wyoming |
251 |
|
Missouri |
4,047 |
|
- Construct a stem-and-leaf display using thou- sands as the stems and truncating the leaves to the tens digit.
- Write a few sentences describing the shape of the distribution and any unusual observations.
- The four largest values were for California, Texas, Florida, and New York. Does this indicate that cancer deaths due to cigarette smoking is more of a problem in these states than else- where? Explain.
- If you wanted to compare states on the basis of the cancer deaths due to cigarette smoking, would you use the data in the given table? If yes, explain why this would be reasonable. If no, what would you use instead as the basis for the comparison?
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