Consider the reaction 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) for which AH° = 368.6 kJ and AS° = 15.30 J/K at 298.15 K. (1) Calculate the entropy change of the UNIVERSE when 2.290 moles of NaOH(aq) react under standard conditions at 298.15 K. ASuniverse = (2) Is this reaction reactant or product favored under standard conditions? J/K (3) If the reaction is product favored, is it enthalpy favored, entropy favored, or favored by both enthalpy and entropy? If the reaction is reactant favored, choose 'reactant favored'.

Consider the reaction 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) for which AH° = 368.6 kJ and AS° = 15.30 J/K at 298.15 K. (1) Calculate the entropy change of the UNIVERSE when 2.290 moles of NaOH(aq) react under standard conditions at 298.15 K. ASuniverse = (2) Is this reaction reactant or product favored under standard conditions? J/K (3) If the reaction is product favored, is it enthalpy favored, entropy favored, or favored by both enthalpy and entropy? If the reaction is reactant favored, choose 'reactant favored'.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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A critical reaction in the production of energy to do work or drive chemical reactions in biological systems is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, ATP, to adenosine diphosphate, ADP, as described by the reaction ATP(aq) + H,O(1) → ADP(aq) + HPO (aq) for which AGixn = -30.5 kJ/mol at 37.0 °C and pH 7.0. Calculate the value of AGxn in a biological cell in which [ATP] = 5.0 mM, [ADP] = 0.40 mM, and [HPO?-] = 5.0 mM. AGxn kJ/mol %3D Is the hydrolysis of ATP spontaneous under these conditions? O yes
Ice cubes at 0°C are poured into a glass that initially contains 150 g of liquid water at 20°C. The contents of the glass are gently stirred. After a short time, some of the ice melts, and the liquid cools to 0°C. No appreciable heat exchange occurs between matter inside the glass with matter outside the glass during this process. (a) Calculate the entropy change of the universe during the process. Use only the following data: the constant pressure heat capacity of liquid water is approximately 4.18 J/(g K) over the temper- ature range of interest. You may further presume that the density of water is constant over the temperature range. (b) If the same process were performed reversibly, how much useful work would be obtained from it? Any required heat exchange to achieve the same final state reversibly should be with matter outside the glass, which are at 20°C.
The energy produced by a spontaneous reaction is often used to provide the energy to drive nonspontaneous reactions. For example, the conversion of ATP to ADP in our cells acts as the energy source for the nonspontaneous reactions that combine amino acids during protein synthesis. Here is the conversion of ATP to ADP: ATP(aq) + H,O = ADP(aq) + HPO,²-(aq) AG° = -30.0 kj/mol A typical reaction combining two amino acids during protein synthesis has a AG = 15.0 kJ/mol. What is the minimum ATP concentration required to provide the energy to combine 1 mole of amino acid synthesis (total energy = 15.0 kJ)? Assume that the concentration of ADP = 9 µM (micromolar) and HPO42- = 4 mM (millimolar). %3! %3D
Consider the reaction 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)—2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) for which AH° = 368.6 kJ and AS° = 15.30 J/K at 298.15 K. (1) Calculate the entropy change of the UNIVERSE when 1.759 moles of NaOH(aq) react under standard conditions at 298.15 K. ASuniverse= J/K (2) Is this reaction reactant or product favored under standard conditions? (3) If the reaction is product favored, is it enthalpy favored, entropy favored, or favored by both enthalpy and entropy? If the reaction is reactant favored, choose 'reactant favored'. Submit Answer
Consider the reaction 6CO2(g) + 6H20((1) C,H12O6 + 602(g) for which AH° = 2.801×10° kJ and AS° = -259.0 J/K at 298.15 K. (1) Calculate the entropy change of the UNIVERSE when 1.722 moles of CO2(g) react under standard conditions at 298.15 K. ASuniverse J/K (2) Is this reaction reactant or product favored under standard conditions? (3) If the reaction is product favored, is it enthalpy favored, entropy favored, or favored by both enthalpy and entropy? If the reaction is reactant favored, choose 'reactant favored'.
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"M" represents a metallic element. "X" represents a nonmetallic element. Calculate ΔH for the process M3X4(s) ⟶ 3M(s) + 2X2(g) from the following information: M(s) + ½X2(g) ⟶ MX(s) ΔH°= -286.2 kJ 3MX(s) + ½X2(g) ⟶ M3X4(s) ΔH°= -84.3 kJ
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