Consider the production of one molecule of glucose by a C4 plant How many molecules of CO2, NADPH, and ATP are required for its production? How many photons are required by each photosystem to produce the NADPH? If the chloroplast ATP synthase has 15 c subunits, how many protons are needed for synthesis of the required ATP?
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- The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction What is the overall free energy change (G) for noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport? 4 (700-nm photons) + 4 (680-nm photons) + 2 H2O + 2 NADP+O2 + 2 NADPH + 2H+What is the significance that the combined absorption spectra of chlorophylls a and b roughly match the action spectrum of photosynthesis? Would photosynthesis be more efficient if their individual absorption spectra coincided exactly?If you could replace all of the plant ATP synthase with ATP synthase enzymes from animal cells, oriented such that the Fo complex was in the thylakoid membrane with the open channel facing the thylakoid space, and the F1 complex was present in the stroma, how would this affect the ability of photosystem II to generate ATP? Assume that the animal cell ATP synthase functions normally in the chloroplast after replacement.
- If Photosystem I is inhibited, will H+ still be pumped into the thylakoid space? No, because the electron flow would be stalled Yes, because ATP synthase would still pump H+ Yes, because Photosystem II is after the Electron Transport Chain O No, because Photosystem I is before the Electron Transport Chain You are working at a biotech company that is studying new enzymes from plant cells to produce biofuels. You know that one of the substrates of the enzyme is the hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids. Which amino acid might you expect to find in the active site of the enzyme? O glutamic acid O tryptophan serine histidine If you modified the tail of chlorophyll to be polar, which of the following would you expect to happen to light energy? Light would not be absorbed by chlorophyll Light would be absorbed but the energy would be lost as fluorescence/heat since the chlorophyll would not interact with the membrane reaction center O Light would be absorbed and the electron would remain in an…Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loopWhich of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
- Choose the CORRECT order of reactions that are conducted by photosystem I. P700 is activated by two photons → two Chl A0 accept two high-energy electrons → one quinone A1 is fully reduced → two electrons are passed on one 4Fe–4S cluster → two molecules of ferredoxin are reduced → ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase takes two protons from the stroma and reduces one NADP+ P680 is activated by two photons → two Chl A0 accept two high-energy electrons → two molecules of ferredoxin are reduced → ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase oxidizes one ferredoxin at a time to reduce FAD to FADH- and then to FADH2 → the proton-motive force is created P700 is activated by a photon → Chl A0 accepts two high-energy electrons → one plastoquinone QA is fully reduced → two electrons are passed on one 4Fe–4S cluster → two molecules of ferredoxin are reduced → ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase takes two protons from the stroma and reduces one FAD P700 is activated by a photon → pheophytin accepts two high-energy electrons →…In the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, what specifically happens in the electron transport chain between Photosystem II and Photosystem I? The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem II is transferred to pheophytin and plastoquinones, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to plastocyanin. Plastocyanin then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem I. The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem I is transferred to pheophytin and plastoquinones, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to plastocyanin. Plastocyanin then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem II. The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem I is transferred to plastocyanin, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to pheophytin and plastoquinones. Plastoquinone then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem II.…Eukaryotic chloroplasts generate exactly how many product molecules, in their consumption of six substrate carbon dioxide molecules and twelve water molecules, during oxygenic photosynthesis? twelve C6H12O6 molecules, six H2O molecules, and three CO2 molecules are produced one C6H12O6 molecule, six H2O molecules, and six O2 molecules are produced six C6H12O6 molecules, three H2O molecules, and six CO2 molecules are produced twelve H2O molecules and six O2 molecules are produced six H2O molecules and twelve CO2 molecules are produced
- In terms of the spatial organization of photosynthesis within the chloroplast, what is the advantage of the light reactions producing NADPH and ATP on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane?How many water molecules have to be split as part of the light reactions to produce enough ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)? STROMA (low H+ concentration) Light THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) STROMA (low H+ concentration) Photosystem II 4 H+ H₂O 1 1/2 0₂ +2 H+ Thylakoid membrane Cytochrome complex Light Pq 4 H+ Photosystem I Pc ATP synthase ADP + H+ Fd M ATP NADP+ reductase NADP+ + H+ NADPH To Calvin CycleATP energy molecules are synthesized during the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration in mitochondria and the light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Using the diagram below as a guide, compare and contrast the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the two processes.
