Consider the melting points of the substances below (see figures for some compounds). Explain the trend in melting point using your knowledge of intermolecular forces. Substance Melting Point (°C) Cl2 -102 isopentyl acetate (C7H14O2) -78 heptanoic acid (C7H14O2) -7.5 lycopene (C40H56) 69
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Consider the melting points of the substances below (see figures for some compounds). Explain the trend in melting point using your knowledge of intermolecular forces.
|
Substance |
Melting Point (°C) |
|
Cl2 |
-102 |
|
isopentyl acetate (C7H14O2) |
-78 |
|
heptanoic acid (C7H14O2) |
-7.5 |
|
lycopene (C40H56) |
69 |
The stronger forces between the molecules is, the more the energy is required, to break them apart(in form of heat). Since they will need more heat, so they will have higher melting point. Hence, the intermolecular forces between the molecules impacts its melting point. There are three main types of intermolecular forces:
1. London dispersion forces
2. Dipole-Dipole interactions
3. Hydrogen bonding
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