**Title: Understanding the Relationship between β-L-Galactose and β-L-Glucose****Introduction**This image showcases the Haworth projections of two sugars: β-L-galactose and β-L-glucose. Understanding the structural relationship between these molecules is crucial in stereochemistry and carbohydrate chemistry.**Diagrams Description**- **β-L-Galactose**: The diagram on the left depicts β-L-galactose, which is a hexagonal ring structure with hydroxyl groups (OH) and a CH2OH group attached at specific positions around the ring. - **β-L-Glucose**: On the right, β-L-glucose is shown with a similar ring structure and the arrangement of hydroxyl (OH) groups. However, one position of the OH group differs from that in β-L-galactose.**Question**Which terms describe the relationship between these two sugars?**Options**- [ ] Enantiomers- [ ] Anomers- [ ] Diastereomers- [ ] Epimers**Analysis**Comparing the two structures, it is evident that they differ at only one stereocenter, indicating a specific type of stereoisomerism. This type of stereoisomer, where the molecules differ at exactly one stereocenter, is specifically known as epimers.**Conclusion**Understanding the distinctions between various stereoisomers is essential for grasping the complex interactions and functions of biomolecules in biological systems.

Chemically carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They have the general formula: (CH2O)n. Depending on their size, they can be monosaccharides(single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone), disaccharides(two monosaccharides linked via glycosidic bond), oligosaccharides(a short chain of monosaccharides linked via glycosidic bond) or polysaccharides( monosaccharide polymers with 20 to 1000 or more units).Two-dimensional representations of the cyclic structure of monosaccharides are called Haworth projections. In Haworth projection, the ring's plane is perpendicular to the paper. Groups pointing up are above the plane and groups pointing down are below the plane of the ring.The carbon that is attached to four different groups is called chiral carbon. A single monosaccharide can have multiple chiral carbons. Configuration is the arrangement of atoms around the chiral centre. Constitutional isomers - same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms. In the case of carbohydrates, aldoses (polyhydroxy aldehydes) are constitutional isomers of ketoses (polyhydroxy ketones)Stereoisomers - same molecular formula, same connectivity of atoms but different spatial arrangement.Enantiomers: stereoisomers that are mirror images but the mirror images are not superimposable. eg: D/L configuration like L-alanine and D-alanine.Meso compounds: stereoisomers that are mirror images but the mirror images are superimposableDiastereoisomers: stereoisomers that are not mirror images. eg: cis/trans isomers. epimers: diastereoisomers that differ in configuration at only one chiral centre. eg: glucose and galactoseAnomers - a special type of stereoisomerism found in carbohydrates. Anomers are identical in all aspects except they differ in the configuration of the anomeric carbon. They are commonly denoted as α-anomers and β-anomers. When the anomeric hydroxyl group is on the same side of the plane as the hydroxyl group attached to the achiral carbon (e.g.: carbon 6 of hexose), the structure is called β anomer; if they are on the opposite side of the plane then the structure is called α anomer. Carefull assessment of the structure of the given monosaccharides suggest that they are both beta-anomers and L enantiomers of different monosaccharides. The only relation between them is that of epimer. beta-L-galactose is a C4 epimer of beta-L-glucose. Since epimers are special case of diastereomers, the correct choices are: epimers and diastereomers