Consider the following electrophilic aromatic substitutions of benzene. What are the conditions for each reaction? Is the new functional group activating OR deactivating? Is it ortho and para directing OR meta directing? Can you name any of the reactions? (CH3CH₂CO)2O/NaOH CH3CH₂OH/H₂SO4 NaH/CH3CH₂l H3CH₂C CH₂CH₂COCI/AICI3 CH3CH₂CI/AICI3 KMnO4 or CrO3 Cl₂/FeCl3 Br₂/FeBr3 12/CuCl2 COCH₂CH3 HNO3/H₂SO4 SO3/H₂SO4 H₂/Pd $03H NO₂
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
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