Consider the figure attached. A student in a course on intelligent design theory claims that the graph in part (a) shows that losing the ability to respire actually is adaptive for yeast cells living in small populations. Please read the incomplete sentence that appears immediately below, assess as possible completions the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that follow, and click each uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and completes accurately the sentence.An astute student in an evolution course would respond thati. the graph in part (a) shows that selection among mitochondria within yeast cells can lead to fixation for traits that decrease mean fitness for that yeast population.ii. the student in the course on intelligent design is wrong; the yeast cells in the small population group retained completely the ability to respire, as they otherwise would have been unable to harvest energy.iii. a property (e.g., inability to respire) that is maladaptive for individuals (e.g., unicellular organisms that are characterised by possessing the trait with that property) may be driven to fixation by selection operating at a different level (e.g., on organelles, like mitochondria). Question 7 options: A) Statement ii conveys accurate information. B) Statements i, ii, and iii convey accurate information. C) Statements i and ii convey accurate information. D) Statements i and iii convey accurate information. E) Statements ii and iii convey accurate information. remained at intermediate levels.This experiment demonstrates that when selection among yeast cells is rela-tively weak, selection among mitochondria within yeast cells can lead to thefixation of traits that decrease the mean fitness of the yeast population. Had wenot recognized that selection acts on different levels, we might have mistakenly(a)Frequency10Small(10 cells)Frequency after 150 generationsof yeast cells containing onlyparasitic mitochondriaMedium(250 cells)--Large(18,000 cells)(b)Figure 10.32 Selection at the level of cells in popula-tions versus selection at the level of mitochondria insidecells (a) Each bar represents the average of five experimentalpopulations started with yeast cells containing a mixture ofnormal versus parasitic mitochondria. Among mitochondrialwithin yeast cells, selection favors parasites, because theyreplicate faster. This selective advantage was constant acrossFrequencyCell population sizeFrequency after 150 generationsof yeast cells containing onlychloramphenicol-susceptible mitochondriaSmall(10 cells)Medium(250 cells)Large(18,000 cells)selective advantage varies among yeast cultures maintained atdifferent population sizes; it is weakest in small populationsand strongest in large populations. Parasitic mitochondriathrive in small yeast populations but fall to low frequency inlarge yeast populations. (b) Each bar represents the averageof four or five control populations started with yeast cellscontaining a mixture of chloramphenicol-resistant versus

Both in the presence and lack of oxygen, yeast may survive. Cells normally grow smaller under…

Consider the figure attached. A student in a course on intelligent design theory claims that the graph in part (a) shows that losing the ability to respire actually is adaptive for yeast cells living in small populations. Please read the incomplete sentence that appears immediately below, assess as possible completions the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that follow, and click each uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and completes accurately the sentence. An astute student in an evolution course would respond that i. the graph in part (a) shows that selection among mitochondria within yeast cells can lead to fixation for traits that decrease mean fitness for that yeast population. ii. the student in the course on intelligent design is wrong; the yeast cells in the small population group retained completely the ability to respire, as they otherwise would have been unable to harvest energy. iii. a property (e.g., inability to respire) that is maladaptive for individuals (e.g., unicellular organisms that are characterised by possessing the trait with that property) may be driven to fixation by selection operating at a different level (e.g., on organelles, like mitochondria). Question 7 options: A) Statement ii conveys accurate information. B) Statements i, ii, and iii convey accurate information. C) Statements i and ii convey accurate information. D) Statements i and iii convey accurate information. E) Statements ii and iii convey accurate information.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Concept explainers

Question

Consider the figure attached. A student in a course on intelligent design theory claims that the graph in part (a) shows that losing the ability to respire actually is adaptive for yeast cells living in small populations. Please read the incomplete sentence that appears immediately below, assess as possible completions the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that follow, and click each uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and completes accurately the sentence.

An astute student in an evolution course would respond that

i. the graph in part (a) shows that selection among mitochondria within yeast cells can lead to fixation for traits that decrease mean fitness for that yeast population.

ii. the student in the course on intelligent design is wrong; the yeast cells in the small population group retained completely the ability to respire, as they otherwise would have been unable to harvest energy.

iii. a property (e.g., inability to respire) that is maladaptive for individuals (e.g., unicellular organisms that are characterised by possessing the trait with that property) may be driven to fixation by selection operating at a different level (e.g., on organelles, like mitochondria).

Question 7 options:

A)	Statement ii conveys accurate information.

B)	Statements i, ii, and iii convey accurate information.

C)	Statements i and ii convey accurate information.

D)	Statements i and iii convey accurate information.

E)	Statements ii and iii convey accurate information.

remained at intermediate levels.
This experiment demonstrates that when selection among yeast cells is rela-
tively weak, selection among mitochondria within yeast cells can lead to the
fixation of traits that decrease the mean fitness of the yeast population. Had we
not recognized that selection acts on different levels, we might have mistakenly
(a)
Frequency
10
Small
(10 cells)
Frequency after 150 generations
of yeast cells containing only
parasitic mitochondria
Medium
(250 cells)
--
Large
(18,000 cells)
(b)
Figure 10.32 Selection at the level of cells in popula-
tions versus selection at the level of mitochondria inside
cells (a) Each bar represents the average of five experimental
populations started with yeast cells containing a mixture of
normal versus parasitic mitochondria. Among mitochondrial
within yeast cells, selection favors parasites, because they
replicate faster. This selective advantage was constant across
Frequency
Cell population size
Frequency after 150 generations
of yeast cells containing only
chloramphenicol-susceptible mitochondria
Small
(10 cells)
Medium
(250 cells)
Large
(18,000 cells)
selective advantage varies among yeast cultures maintained at
different population sizes; it is weakest in small populations
and strongest in large populations. Parasitic mitochondria
thrive in small yeast populations but fall to low frequency in
large yeast populations. (b) Each bar represents the average
of four or five control populations started with yeast cells
containing a mixture of chloramphenicol-resistant versus

Expert Solution

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.