Consider an electron gyrating in the magnetic field associated with a sunspot which has a magnetic field strength of 0.25 T. a) Compute the cyclotron frequency wc of the electron in Hertz. b) The typical temperature of a sunspot is 3500 K. Use this temperature and the equipartition equation for velocity v, temperature T and mass m of a particle, that is, 3KBT v = m to compute the velocity of the electron in meters per second. Here, kB is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x10-23 J/K). c) Calculate the Larmor radius rL of gyration of the electron. Compute and physically interpret the ratio of this radius to the radius of the Sun (6.96×10³ m). d) Calculate the centripetal acceleration a in m/s² of the electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot. e) Calculate the power P in Watts emitted by this electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot. f) Repeat Parts (a) through (e) for a proton.
Consider an electron gyrating in the magnetic field associated with a sunspot which has a magnetic field strength of 0.25 T. a) Compute the cyclotron frequency wc of the electron in Hertz. b) The typical temperature of a sunspot is 3500 K. Use this temperature and the equipartition equation for velocity v, temperature T and mass m of a particle, that is, 3KBT v = m to compute the velocity of the electron in meters per second. Here, kB is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x10-23 J/K). c) Calculate the Larmor radius rL of gyration of the electron. Compute and physically interpret the ratio of this radius to the radius of the Sun (6.96×10³ m). d) Calculate the centripetal acceleration a in m/s² of the electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot. e) Calculate the power P in Watts emitted by this electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot. f) Repeat Parts (a) through (e) for a proton.
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![**Magnetic Fields and Electrons in Sunspots**
Consider an electron gyrating in the magnetic field associated with a sunspot with a magnetic field strength of 0.25 T.
**a) Cyclotron Frequency**
- Compute the cyclotron frequency \(\omega_c\) of the electron in Hertz.
**b) Electron Velocity from Temperature**
- The typical temperature of a sunspot is 3500 K. Use this temperature and the equipartition equation for velocity \(v\), temperature \(T\), and mass \(m\) of a particle:
\[
v = \sqrt{\frac{3k_BT}{m}}
\]
Compute the velocity of the electron in meters per second.
- \(k_B\) is Boltzmann’s constant \((1.38 \times 10^{-23} \, \text{J/K})\).
**c) Larmor Radius**
- Calculate the Larmor radius \(r_L\) of gyration of the electron.
- Compute and interpret the ratio of this radius to the radius of the Sun \((6.96 \times 10^8 \, \text{m})\).
**d) Centripetal Acceleration**
- Calculate the centripetal acceleration \(a\) in \(\text{m/s}^2\) of the electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot.
**e) Power Emitted by the Electron**
- Calculate the power \(P\) in Watts emitted by this electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot.
**f) Proton Calculations**
- Repeat parts (a) through (e) for a proton.
**g) Ratio of Power Emissions**
- Compute the ratio of the power emitted by the electron to the power emitted by the proton.
- Analyze if the cyclotron emission detected from the Sun is dominated by emission from electrons or protons. Explain your answer.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3f1c45cd-3789-4350-80b0-241735c3cbf9%2Ffd7a5698-2d1d-4e90-ac6f-e3ae703f1ca0%2Fjulvk549_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Magnetic Fields and Electrons in Sunspots**
Consider an electron gyrating in the magnetic field associated with a sunspot with a magnetic field strength of 0.25 T.
**a) Cyclotron Frequency**
- Compute the cyclotron frequency \(\omega_c\) of the electron in Hertz.
**b) Electron Velocity from Temperature**
- The typical temperature of a sunspot is 3500 K. Use this temperature and the equipartition equation for velocity \(v\), temperature \(T\), and mass \(m\) of a particle:
\[
v = \sqrt{\frac{3k_BT}{m}}
\]
Compute the velocity of the electron in meters per second.
- \(k_B\) is Boltzmann’s constant \((1.38 \times 10^{-23} \, \text{J/K})\).
**c) Larmor Radius**
- Calculate the Larmor radius \(r_L\) of gyration of the electron.
- Compute and interpret the ratio of this radius to the radius of the Sun \((6.96 \times 10^8 \, \text{m})\).
**d) Centripetal Acceleration**
- Calculate the centripetal acceleration \(a\) in \(\text{m/s}^2\) of the electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot.
**e) Power Emitted by the Electron**
- Calculate the power \(P\) in Watts emitted by this electron as it gyrates along the magnetic field lines associated with the sunspot.
**f) Proton Calculations**
- Repeat parts (a) through (e) for a proton.
**g) Ratio of Power Emissions**
- Compute the ratio of the power emitted by the electron to the power emitted by the proton.
- Analyze if the cyclotron emission detected from the Sun is dominated by emission from electrons or protons. Explain your answer.
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