Consider a square bar 30 mm on side and 2.5 m long, having a material yield point 254 (in MPa). An applied axial load gradually builds up from zero to a value such that the elongation of the bar is 25 mm. Determine the permanent elongation of the bar. o 3 ay. a, = 0.60y- 0.00N

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.