Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. Real Interest Rate National Saving Domestic Investment Net Capital Outflow (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) 7 55 25 -15 6 50 30 -10 5 45 35 -5 4 40 40 0 3 35 45 5 2 30 50 10

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18 . Effects of a government budget deficit

Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget.
Real Interest Rate
National Saving
Domestic Investment
Net Capital Outflow
(Percent)
(Billions of dollars)
(Billions of dollars)
(Billions of dollars)
7 55 25 -15
6 50 30 -10
5 45 35 -5
4 40 40 0
3 35 45 5
2 30 50 10

 

Because of the relationship between net capital outflow and net exports, the level of net capital outflow at the equilibrium real interest rate implies
that the economy is experiencing
Now, suppose the government is experiencing a budget deficit. This means that
, which leads to
loanable funds.
After the budget deficit occurs, suppose the new equilibrium real interest rate is 5%. The following graph shows the demand curve in the foreign-
currency exchange market.
Use the green line (triangle symbol) to show the supply curve in this market before the budget deficit. Then use the purple line (diamond symbol) to
show the supply curve after the budget deficit.
(?
Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange
10
Initial Supply
8
6
Supply with Deficit
4
2
Demand
-20
-15
-10
-5
5
10
15
20
QUANTITY OF DOLLARS (Billions)
Summarize the effects of a budget deficit by filling in the following table.
Real Interest Rate
Real Exchange Rate
Trade Balance
Effects of a Budget Deficit
REAL EXCHANGE RATE
Transcribed Image Text:Because of the relationship between net capital outflow and net exports, the level of net capital outflow at the equilibrium real interest rate implies that the economy is experiencing Now, suppose the government is experiencing a budget deficit. This means that , which leads to loanable funds. After the budget deficit occurs, suppose the new equilibrium real interest rate is 5%. The following graph shows the demand curve in the foreign- currency exchange market. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to show the supply curve in this market before the budget deficit. Then use the purple line (diamond symbol) to show the supply curve after the budget deficit. (? Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange 10 Initial Supply 8 6 Supply with Deficit 4 2 Demand -20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 20 QUANTITY OF DOLLARS (Billions) Summarize the effects of a budget deficit by filling in the following table. Real Interest Rate Real Exchange Rate Trade Balance Effects of a Budget Deficit REAL EXCHANGE RATE
Given the information in the preceding table, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the demand for loanable funds. Next, use the orange points
(square symbol) to plot the supply of loanable funds. Finally, use the black point (cross symbol) to indicate the equilibrium in this market.
Market for Loanable Funds
10
Demand
8
Supply
Equilibrium
20
40
60
80
100
QUANTITY OF LOANABLE FUNDS
On the following graph, plot the relationship between the real interest rate and net capital outflow by using the green points (triangle symbol) to plot
the points from the initial data table. Then use the black point (X symbol) to indicate the level of net capital outflow at the equilibrium real interest
rate vou derived in the previous graph.
(?
Net Capital Outflow
10
NCO
8
6
Eqm. NCO
4
-20
-15
-10
-5
5
10
15
20
NET CAPITAL OUTFLOW (Billions of dollars)
REAL INTEREST RATE
REAL INTEREST RATE
Transcribed Image Text:Given the information in the preceding table, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the demand for loanable funds. Next, use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the supply of loanable funds. Finally, use the black point (cross symbol) to indicate the equilibrium in this market. Market for Loanable Funds 10 Demand 8 Supply Equilibrium 20 40 60 80 100 QUANTITY OF LOANABLE FUNDS On the following graph, plot the relationship between the real interest rate and net capital outflow by using the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the points from the initial data table. Then use the black point (X symbol) to indicate the level of net capital outflow at the equilibrium real interest rate vou derived in the previous graph. (? Net Capital Outflow 10 NCO 8 6 Eqm. NCO 4 -20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 20 NET CAPITAL OUTFLOW (Billions of dollars) REAL INTEREST RATE REAL INTEREST RATE
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