Consider a hypothetical element that forms a solid with bands as shown in the Figure. A. Suppose that the isolated atom has configuration 1s22s2. If its equilibrium separation is r0= a, is the solid a conductor or an insulator? What if r0= b? Answer both questions for the case that the atomic configuration is B. 1s22s22p1 and C. 1s22s22p6. **13.34** Consider a hypothetical element that forms a solid with bands as shown in Fig. 13.42. (a) Suppose that the isolated atom has configuration \(1s^22s^2\). If its equilibrium separation is \(r_0 = a\), is the solid a conductor or an insulator? What if \(r_0 = b\)? Answer both questions for the case that the atomic configuration is (b) \(1s^22s^22p^1\) and (c) \(1s^22s^22p^6\).**Explanation of Figure 13.42:**The figure illustrates energy band diagrams for different atomic orbitals within a solid. The horizontal axis represents the interatomic distance \(r\), while the vertical axis represents energy levels. - The \(1s\) band is narrow and close to the bottom of the energy scale, indicating it is mostly filled and not involved in conduction.- The \(2s\) and \(2p\) bands are broader and overlap at certain points, particularly at separation \(a\), which could suggest the possibility of conductivity depending on the electron configuration.- The \(3s\) band appears at a higher energy level, not overlapping with others at the equilibrium points \(a\) or \(b\).The diagram includes dashed vertical lines at \(r = a\) and \(r = b\), denoting different equilibrium separations for the hypothetical solid state configurations.

Introduction: Conductors are generally substances that have the property to pass different types of energy. In the following, the conductivity of electricity is the value of interest. The conductivity of metals is based on the free electrons (so-called Fermi gas) due to the metal bonding. Already with low energy electrons become sufficiently detached from the atoms and conductivity is achieved. Insulators possess no free charge carriers and thus are non-conductive. The atomic bond is based on shared electron pairs of nonmetals. The elements which behave like nonmetals have the desire to catch electrons, thus there are no free electrons that might serve as charge carriers. Explanation: Since the electrons in the lower shells are most tightly bound with the nucleus and the hydrogen there is completely filled s-shell in the first configuration. So the element of this configuration is an insulator for a as well as b. In the part (b) there is an empty valence shell (p1) available for conduction of electrons. So this element behaves as a conductor for both b and a. In the part (c) there shells are completely filled and these tightly bound to the nucleus. Thus, his element is an insulator.

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Advanced Physics

Consider a hypothetical element that forms a solid with bands as shown in the Figure. A. Suppose that the isolated atom has configuration 1s22s2. If its equilibrium separation is r0= a, is the solid a conductor or an insulator? What if r0= b? Answer both questions for the case that the atomic configuration is B. 1s22s22p1 and C. 1s22s22p6.

Consider a hypothetical element that forms a solid with bands as shown in the Figure. A. Suppose that the isolated atom has configuration 1s22s2. If its equilibrium separation is r0= a, is the solid a conductor or an insulator? What if r0= b? Answer both questions for the case that the atomic configuration is B. 1s22s22p1 and C. 1s22s22p6.