Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.8 and taxes do not vary with income (that is,taxes are fixed rather than variable and the income tax rate = 0). The following graph shows the aggregate demand curves (AD and AD₂), theshort-run aggregate supply (AS) curve, and the long-run aggregate supply curve at the potential GDP level. The economy is currently at point A.PRICE LEVEL128ལྕ་སྐྱ་སྐྱ་སྐྱ་རྩ་སྐྱ124120A116112108200300400Potential GDPAS124AD₂AD₁500600 7008009001000REAL GDP (Billions of dollars)The economy is currently experiencing a recessionary gap of $100 billion.To close this gap, one option would be for the government to increasenot change).government purchases by$20 billion (assuming net taxes doIf the government kept its purchases constant, it could also close the gap by(Hint: In this case, since taxes do not vary with income, the formula for the multiplier for a change in fixed taxes isnet taxes (taxes minus transfers) by s-MPC.)1-MPCbillion.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/acb1856d-815d-4c9c-abeb-df1ba8ab1a7a.jpg

Answered: Consider a hypothetical closed economy…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Consider the following income/expenditure diagram in the simple Keynesian model. If taxes, T, were increased, then Group of answer choices A) The Y = C+S+T line would shift to the right, and equilibrium Y would increase. B) the C+I+G line would shift downward, and equilibrium Y would decrease. C) The Y = C+S+T line would shift to the left, and equilibrium Y would decrease. D) neither of the lines would shift, and equilibrium Y would stay the same. E) the C+I+G line would shift upward, and equilibrium Y would increase.
In an effort to increase output in the short run due to the poor economy, government officials have decided to cut taxes. They are considering two possible temporary tax cuts of equal size in terms of lost revenue. The first would reduce the taxes on people with incomes above $100,000 per year. The second would cut taxes on people with incomes below $60,000 for one year. Which change would have a greater impact on aggregate spending (i.e shift the aggregate demand curve further to the right)? Why?
Consider a fictional economy that is operating at its long-run equilibrium. The following graph shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve and short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve for the economy. The long-run aggregate supply curve is represented by a vertical line at the potential GDP level of $6 trillion. The economy is initially producing at potential GDP. Suppose that fiscal authorities decide to decrease marginal tax rates. Assume that this change in marginal tax rates is perceived as a long-term change. Shift the appropriate curves to illustrate the supply-side view of the fiscal policy effect on output and the price level. Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. 120 Potential GDP AS 100 PRICE LEVEL 60 80 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 AD 10 12 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) AD 1 AS Potential GDP True or…
Consider an economy located near the Indian Ocean where the main industries are agriculture and tourism. Policymakers and economic advisors have determined that consumers' spending behavior is described by the equation: C = 255 + 0.75DI while the domestic investment spending behavior by firms is fixed at $250 billion. Currently, the population is 250 million, the labor force participation rate is 68 percent, and the unemployment rate is 4 percent. The policymakers and economic advisors have also determined that the short run aggregate supply of goods and services in the economy is described by the equation Y = Ypot + 75(P - Pe), while the potential level of real GDP is $2075 billion and the expected price level at full employment, Pe, is 115. Net taxes is described by the equation: T = 120 + 0.2Y while the government spending is fixed at $500 billion. Trading occurs mostly with neighboring economies and currently total imports is $300 billion while total exports is $200 billion.…
On the following graph, show the effect of the change in investment demand on the AD curve once the multiplier process has run its course. Use the green curve (triangle symbol) to plot the new AD curve at price levels of 40 and 140. Hint: Use the new quantity of investment demanded you found in the Market for Investment and the multiplier to determine the exact change in aggregate demand at both price levels. Assume that this effect is independent of the price level, that is, the AD curve has a parallel shift. An expansionary monetary policy causes the quantity of bank reserves in the economy to ________(INCREASE/DECREASE) , which drives interest rates _______ (UP / DOWN) . As a result, businesses invest______(MORE/LESS) in capital improvements such as new factories and equipment. This leads to ________(AN INCREASE. A DECERASE) in aggregate demand, the extent of which is determined by the simple spending multiplier.
The following graph plots an aggregate demand curve. Using the graph, shift the aggregate demand curve to depict the impact that a tax hike has on the economy. Suppose the governments of two very similar economies, economy N and economy M, implement a tax cut of equal size. The tax cut in economy N is permanent, while the tax cut in economy M is temporary. The economies are otherwise completely identical. The tax cut will have a larger impact on aggregate demand in the economy with the (temporary tax cut/permanent tax cut) .
Suppose that the federal government decides to reduce the budget deficit and cuts government purchases by $200 billion and raise personal income taxes by $200 billion. Suppose the MPC = .5. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the government spending cut? Show your work. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the tax increase? Show your work. (Note: we know these numbers in parts A & B are not accurate quantitative assessments of the policy actions - but the exercise allows us to think about the mechanisms through which these policy actions will affect the economy.) Using the above numbers, draw the AS-AD diagram and illustrate the short-run impact of the combined policy action assuming the economy begins at potential output. Label the original equilibrium with point "A" and the new short-run equilibrium with point "B". Be sure to label the magnitude of the curve shift. Describe the impact of the policy action on…
Suppose an economy is initially in equilibrium at its potential output level. As a result of an unexpected crisis in the financial markets, the AD curve suddenly shift to the left by a horizontal distance equal to $140 billion. Suppose the government has decided to restore the economy to its initial level of output by simultaneously increasing its spending and increasing taxes (so that it does not run into a deficit). Assuming the marginal propensity to consume in this economy is 0.25, by how much must the government increase its spending (and taxes) to achieve its goal? (Calculate your answer in billions of CAD, round it to one decimal places, and write it without units. E.g., write 1.0 for $1 billion.
The aggregate expenditures model explains how: the inflation rate in an economy varies with the money supply a country spends its money relative to what it earns the Federal Reserve prints money during a recession Federal spending is shaped by the level of consumption in a country
Consider a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determined by autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and the marginal propensity to consume. a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in this economy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, use algebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. (2 marks) c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demand function from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the two lines intersect, with numerical values. d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What would the new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew for part (c). e)…
The graph below shows a 45°-line (Keynesian cross) diagram. The economy is currently in macroeconomic equilibrium at output level Yo. Suppose that investment increases. 1) Use the line tool to show a possible position for the new aggregate expenditures line. Label this line AE2. Note: if you are not prompted for a label, you have used the wrong drawing tool. 2) Use the point drawing tool to show the new equilibrium levels of GDP and expenditures.Label this point 'B'. Real aggregate expenditures, AE Real GDP, Y Y = AE AE0 Q
Consider the Aggregate expenditure model. Where:AD = C + I + G + NX where G, and NX are all autonomous.C = C + c∗(Y + T R − T A) where T A = tY with t ∈ [0, 1] is the proportional tax rate and c∗ ∈ (0, 1) is the marginal propensity to consume. In addition, investment is given by: I = I − bi where I is autonomous investment and b > 0 determines the sensitivity ofinvestment to changes in the interest rate, i. A. Using the information above, solve for the IS function. Combine all the autonomous terms into one term, A. B. In an (x, y) plane, where Y is on the horizontal axis and i is on thevertical axis, illustrate the IS curve you derived above. Make sure to explainhow you got the Y-intercept and solve for the slope. c. How does c∗ affect the slope of the IS curve? Explain your answerintuitively. d. Consider the LM curve, where the real demand for money is such that:MD/P= kY − hi where k ∈ (0, 1) represents how sensitive the demand for money is to changesin income (or the inverse of…

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