Consider a cell whose tonicity is primarily determined by cytoplasmic (interior) concentrations of 1.0 M NaCl and 0.5 M CaCl2. Determine the direction of water flow if the cell were placed into the following solutions: Answer 2.5 M glucose solution ¦ Answer 1.0 M CaCl 2 solution ¦ Answer 1.75 M NaCl solution ⠀⠀ Into the cell ⠀⠀ Out of the cell Neither into nor out of the cell

Create a diagram that demonstrates the difference between tonicity and osmolarity. Be sure to label the new solutions in each condition, draw the changes (if predicted) in cell shape/volume, and use arrows to show the movement of water relative to the cell. Please start with a red blood cell in an isosmotic solution and show what happens to cell shape and water movement when NaCl is added to the solution, or when water is added.

This question uses the same experimental setup as in Question 1 and the same modification of the attached figure (Figure 2.5 of your textbook). The modification is that the KCL solutions in the middle panel are replaced with NaCl solutions (1 mM on the left or inside and 10 mM on the right or outside). What would initially happen if the membrane was made permeable to Na+? (A) Lure D A Inside 1 mM KQ Voltmotor V=0 elle Outside 1 mM KCI Termeable to K* No net flux of K* K' lon (B) Initial conditions ● lo 6 Inside 10 πιΜ KCl Initially V=0 очен Outside 1 mM KCI Net flux of K from inside to outside At equilibrium V in-out= -38 my a ✪ m O Inside Outside 10 mM KC 1 mM ka Flux of K* from inside to outside balanced by opposing membning potential Membrane potential V₁ (mv) 8 -116 100 -2 [K' (MM) 10 108 Na+ would move up its concentration gradient from the left (inside) to the right (outside) compartment. Na+ would move down its concentration gradient from the right (outside) to the left (inside)…

In the figure below are several panels that illustrate the relative concentration of a particular solute on either side of a cell's plasma membrane. The top panel represents the INITIAL (or starting) scenario, and the lower panels represent different possible outcomes after time has passed. QUESTION: Which of the panels below represents a situation in which the concentration gradient of this solute has been minimized (reduced)? A B C D

A red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an environment were the concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 305 mmol/L. As a result, water will move across the cell/plasma membrane. a) Name the process by which water moves b) Describe the overall direction of movement of the water. Answer choices: (i) From outside the cell to inside the cell (ii) From inside the cell to outside the cell, or (iii) Equally, into and out of the cell iii Explain your reasoning for your answer to part (c). 1In your answer you must describe the environment on both sides of the membrane, and use 3 of the following 4 terms correctly; hypertonic, hypotonic, lower solute concentration, higher solute concentrationn (2pts -Correct use of biological terminology, and correct spelling is essential. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph BIUA ...

Under which circumstance is the Goldman equation equivalent to the Nernst equation? O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion O when the concentrations of the ions are equal outside and inside of the cell when the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions O when there is no charge on the membrane

Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.

Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.

A cell with a total of 0.3 osmol/L is placed into a solution with a total of 0.2 osmol/L.  It is assumed that the osmotic particles cannot pass through the cell membrane. Answer the following true or false questions. 1. All particles will diffuse down a concentration gradient, that is, move from a high concentration into a lower concentration  2. Diffusion down a gradient happens because particles are constantly moving (Kinetic Theory) 3. When solvent particles move down a gradient through a membrane it is called osmosis

Suppose that the concentration of CI outside the cell is 100 and inside the cell is 10 mmol/liter. The Nernst equation at 20°C is: Eton = 58 millivolts/z- [10810 (m)] [lonlin You set the membrane voltage at 0 millivolts using a voltage clamp, and measure membrane current. If Cl is the only ion crossing the membrane, you would expect to see: Onegative charges flowing into the cell negative charges flow out of the cell 0 current the membrane hyperpolarizes (becomes more negative)