CONFUCIUS ent China in the world. Refer to Confucius hovered over the Olympics of 2008, and in the cade of the twenty-first century vernment founded several hun- dred "Confucius Institutes" around the world, thus using the old sage as an icon for the propagation of Chinese language and culture. The future of Confucius's legacy is as bright as ever. From Analects' From Book J The Master said: "To learn something and then to put it into practice at ht time: is this not a joy? To have friends coming from afar: is this not a ? Not to be upset when one's merits are ignored: is this not the mark of leman?" Master Zeng said: "I examine myself three times a day. When dealing on of others, have I been trustworthy? In intercourse with my friends, have faithful? Have I practiced what I was taught?" The Master said: "When the father is alive, watch the son's aspirations. the father is dead, watch the son's actions. If three years later, the son t veered from the father's way, he may be called a dutiful son indeed." Zigong said: "Poor without servility: rich without arrogance. How is The Master said: "Not bad, but better still: 'Poor, yet cheerful; rich, yet erate." Zigong said: "In the Poems, it is said: 'Like carving horn, like ing ivory, like cutting jade, like polishing stone.' Is this not the same The Master said: "Ah, one can really begin to discuss the Poems with tell you one thing, and you can figure out the rest." From Book II The Master said: "He who rules by virtue is like the polestar, which is unmoving in its mansion while all the other stars revolve respectfully 1 it." The Master said: "The three hundred Poems are summed up in-one phrase: "Think no evil."" The Master said: "At fifteen, I set my mind upon learning. At thirty, I y stand. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the will of Heaven. At my ear was attuned. At seventy, I follow all the desires of my heart with- eaking any rule." Ziyou asked about filial piety. The Master said: "Nowadays people think re dutiful sons when they feed their parents. Yet they also feed their nd horses. Unless there is respect, where is the difference?" ANALECTS 1 1331 2.11. The Master said: "He who by revising the old knows the new, is fit to be a teacher." 2.19. Duke Ai asked: "What should I do to win the hearts of the people?" Confucius replied: "Raise the straight and set them above the crooked, and you will win the hearts of the people. If you raise the crooked and set them above the straight, the people will deny you their support." From Book III 3.5. The Master said: "Barbarians who have rulers are inferior to the various nations of China who are without." 3.21. Duke Ai asked Zai Yu which wood should be used for the local totem. Zai Yu replied: "The men of Xia used pine; the men of Yin used cypress; the men of Zhou used fir, for (they said) the people should fear."" The Master heard of this; he said: "What is done is done, it is all past; there would be no point in arguing." 3.24. The officer in charge of the border at Yi requested an interview with Confucius. He said: "Whenever a gentleman comes to these parts, I always ask to see him." The disciples arranged an interview. When it was over, the officer said to them: "Gentlemen, do not worry about his dismissal. The world has been without the Way for a long while. Heaven is going to use your master to ring the tocsin." From Book IV 4.8. The Master said: "In the morning hear the Way; in the evening die content." 4.15. The Master said: "Shen, my doctrine has one single thread running through it." Master Zeng Shen replied: "Indeed." The Master left. The other disciples asked: "What did he mean?" Master Zeng said: "The doctrine of the Master is: Loyalty and reciprocity, and that's all." From Book V 5.9. The Master asked Zigong: "Which is the better, you or Yan Hui?" "How could I compare myself with Yan Hui? From one thing he learns, he deduces ten; from one thing I learn, I only deduce two." The Master said: "Indeed, you are not his equal, and neither am I." 3. Ruler of the dukedom of Lu, Confucius's home state. 47ai Vunne of Confucine's disciples renlies chestnut tree (li), translated here as "fir," puns on "fear" (li). 5. Confucius's most beloved disciple. 5.10. Zai Yu was sleeping during the day. The Master said: "Rotten wood cannot be carved; dung walls cannot be troweled. What is the use of scolding him?" The Master said: "There was a time when I used to listen to what people said and trusted that they would act accordingly, but now I listen to what they say and watch what they do. It is Zai Yu who made me change." 5.20. Lord Ji Wen" always thought thrice before acting. Hearing this, the Master said: "Twice is enough." 5.26. Yan Hui and Zilu were in attendance. The Master said: "How about telling me your private wishes?" Zilu said: "I wish I could share my carriages, horses, clothes, and furs with my friends without being upset when they damage them." Yan Hui said. "I wish I would never boast of my good qualities or call atten- tion to my good deeds." Zilu said: "May we ask what are our Master's private wishes?" The Master said: "I wish the old may enjoy peace, friends may enjoy trust, and the young may enjoy affection." From Book VI 5.3. Duke Ai asked: "Which of the disciples has a love of learning?" Confu- cius replied: "There was Yan Hui who loved learning; he never vented his frus- rations upon others; he never made the same mistake twice. Alas, his allotted span of life was short; he is dead. Now, for all I know, there is no one with such love of learning." 5.12. Ran Qiu said: "It is not that I do not enjoy the Master's way, but I do not have the strength to follow it." The Master said: "He who does not have the strength can always give up halfway. But you have given up before starting." 5.13. The Master said to Zixia: "Be a noble scholar, not a vulgar pedant." 5.18. The Master said: "When nature prevails over culture. you get a savage; hen culture prevails over nature, you get a pedant. When nature and culture re in balance, you get a gentleman." 20. The Master said: "To know something is not as good as loving it; to ove something is not as good as rejoicing in it." 22. Fan Chi asked about wisdom. The Master said: "Secure the rights of e people; respect ghosts and gods, but keep them at a distance this is wis- om indeed." Fan Chi asked about goodness. The Master said: "A good man's trials bear uit-this is goodness indeed." Grand officer of the state of Lu, who lived before Confucius's time. 6.23. The Master said: "The wise find joy on the water, the good find joy in the mountains. The wise are active, the good are quiet. The wise are joyful, the good live long." From Book VII 7.1. The Master said: "I transmit, I invent nothing. I trust and love the past. In this, I dare to compare myself to our venerable Peng." 7.3. The Master said: "Failure to cultivate moral power, failure to explore what I have learned, incapacity to stand by what I know to be right, incapacity to reform what is not good-these are my worries." 7.5. The Master said: "I am getting dreadfully old. It has been a long time since I last saw in a dream the Duke of Zhou." 7.16. The Master said: "Even though you have only coarse grain for food, water for drink, and your bent arm for a pillow, you may still be happy. Riches and honors without justice are to me as fleeting clouds." 7.21. The Master never talked of: miracles; violence; disorders: spirits. From Book VIII 8.5. Master Zeng said: "Competent, yet willing to listen to the incompetent; talented, yet willing to listen to the talentless; having, yet seeming not to have; full, yet seeming empty; swallowing insults without taking offense long ago, I had a friend who practiced these things." 8.8. The Master said: "Draw inspiration from the Poems; steady your course with the ritual: find your fulfillment in music." 8.13. The Master said: "Uphold the faith, love learning, defend the good Way with your fife. Enter not a country that is unstable: dwell not an a country that is in turmoil. Shine in a world that follows the Way; hide when the world loses the Way. In a country where the Way prevails, it is shameful to remain poor and obscure; in a country which has lost the Way, it is shameful to become rich and honored." 8.17. The Master said: "Learning is like a chase in which, as you fail to catch up, you fear to lose what you have already gained." 7. Identifications of this figure vary, but vener- able Peng might have been a virtuous official of the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1500-1045 B.C.E.). 8. Son of King Wen, who together with King Wu founded the Zhou Dynasty (1045-256 B.C.E.). He laid the groundwork for basic insti- tutions of the Zhou Dynasty and is the found- ing ancestor of the state of Lu, Confucius's home state.

CONFUCIUS ent China in the world. Refer to Confucius hovered over the Olympics of 2008, and in the cade of the twenty-first century vernment founded several hun- dred "Confucius Institutes" around the world, thus using the old sage as an icon for the propagation of Chinese language and culture. The future of Confucius's legacy is as bright as ever. From Analects' From Book J The Master said: "To learn something and then to put it into practice at ht time: is this not a joy? To have friends coming from afar: is this not a ? Not to be upset when one's merits are ignored: is this not the mark of leman?" Master Zeng said: "I examine myself three times a day. When dealing on of others, have I been trustworthy? In intercourse with my friends, have faithful? Have I practiced what I was taught?" The Master said: "When the father is alive, watch the son's aspirations. the father is dead, watch the son's actions. If three years later, the son t veered from the father's way, he may be called a dutiful son indeed." Zigong said: "Poor without servility: rich without arrogance. How is The Master said: "Not bad, but better still: 'Poor, yet cheerful; rich, yet erate." Zigong said: "In the Poems, it is said: 'Like carving horn, like ing ivory, like cutting jade, like polishing stone.' Is this not the same The Master said: "Ah, one can really begin to discuss the Poems with tell you one thing, and you can figure out the rest." From Book II The Master said: "He who rules by virtue is like the polestar, which is unmoving in its mansion while all the other stars revolve respectfully 1 it." The Master said: "The three hundred Poems are summed up in-one phrase: "Think no evil."" The Master said: "At fifteen, I set my mind upon learning. At thirty, I y stand. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the will of Heaven. At my ear was attuned. At seventy, I follow all the desires of my heart with- eaking any rule." Ziyou asked about filial piety. The Master said: "Nowadays people think re dutiful sons when they feed their parents. Yet they also feed their nd horses. Unless there is respect, where is the difference?" ANALECTS 1 1331 2.11. The Master said: "He who by revising the old knows the new, is fit to be a teacher." 2.19. Duke Ai asked: "What should I do to win the hearts of the people?" Confucius replied: "Raise the straight and set them above the crooked, and you will win the hearts of the people. If you raise the crooked and set them above the straight, the people will deny you their support." From Book III 3.5. The Master said: "Barbarians who have rulers are inferior to the various nations of China who are without." 3.21. Duke Ai asked Zai Yu which wood should be used for the local totem. Zai Yu replied: "The men of Xia used pine; the men of Yin used cypress; the men of Zhou used fir, for (they said) the people should fear."" The Master heard of this; he said: "What is done is done, it is all past; there would be no point in arguing." 3.24. The officer in charge of the border at Yi requested an interview with Confucius. He said: "Whenever a gentleman comes to these parts, I always ask to see him." The disciples arranged an interview. When it was over, the officer said to them: "Gentlemen, do not worry about his dismissal. The world has been without the Way for a long while. Heaven is going to use your master to ring the tocsin." From Book IV 4.8. The Master said: "In the morning hear the Way; in the evening die content." 4.15. The Master said: "Shen, my doctrine has one single thread running through it." Master Zeng Shen replied: "Indeed." The Master left. The other disciples asked: "What did he mean?" Master Zeng said: "The doctrine of the Master is: Loyalty and reciprocity, and that's all." From Book V 5.9. The Master asked Zigong: "Which is the better, you or Yan Hui?" "How could I compare myself with Yan Hui? From one thing he learns, he deduces ten; from one thing I learn, I only deduce two." The Master said: "Indeed, you are not his equal, and neither am I." 3. Ruler of the dukedom of Lu, Confucius's home state. 47ai Vunne of Confucine's disciples renlies chestnut tree (li), translated here as "fir," puns on "fear" (li). 5. Confucius's most beloved disciple. 5.10. Zai Yu was sleeping during the day. The Master said: "Rotten wood cannot be carved; dung walls cannot be troweled. What is the use of scolding him?" The Master said: "There was a time when I used to listen to what people said and trusted that they would act accordingly, but now I listen to what they say and watch what they do. It is Zai Yu who made me change." 5.20. Lord Ji Wen" always thought thrice before acting. Hearing this, the Master said: "Twice is enough." 5.26. Yan Hui and Zilu were in attendance. The Master said: "How about telling me your private wishes?" Zilu said: "I wish I could share my carriages, horses, clothes, and furs with my friends without being upset when they damage them." Yan Hui said. "I wish I would never boast of my good qualities or call atten- tion to my good deeds." Zilu said: "May we ask what are our Master's private wishes?" The Master said: "I wish the old may enjoy peace, friends may enjoy trust, and the young may enjoy affection." From Book VI 5.3. Duke Ai asked: "Which of the disciples has a love of learning?" Confu- cius replied: "There was Yan Hui who loved learning; he never vented his frus- rations upon others; he never made the same mistake twice. Alas, his allotted span of life was short; he is dead. Now, for all I know, there is no one with such love of learning." 5.12. Ran Qiu said: "It is not that I do not enjoy the Master's way, but I do not have the strength to follow it." The Master said: "He who does not have the strength can always give up halfway. But you have given up before starting." 5.13. The Master said to Zixia: "Be a noble scholar, not a vulgar pedant." 5.18. The Master said: "When nature prevails over culture. you get a savage; hen culture prevails over nature, you get a pedant. When nature and culture re in balance, you get a gentleman." 20. The Master said: "To know something is not as good as loving it; to ove something is not as good as rejoicing in it." 22. Fan Chi asked about wisdom. The Master said: "Secure the rights of e people; respect ghosts and gods, but keep them at a distance this is wis- om indeed." Fan Chi asked about goodness. The Master said: "A good man's trials bear uit-this is goodness indeed." Grand officer of the state of Lu, who lived before Confucius's time. 6.23. The Master said: "The wise find joy on the water, the good find joy in the mountains. The wise are active, the good are quiet. The wise are joyful, the good live long." From Book VII 7.1. The Master said: "I transmit, I invent nothing. I trust and love the past. In this, I dare to compare myself to our venerable Peng." 7.3. The Master said: "Failure to cultivate moral power, failure to explore what I have learned, incapacity to stand by what I know to be right, incapacity to reform what is not good-these are my worries." 7.5. The Master said: "I am getting dreadfully old. It has been a long time since I last saw in a dream the Duke of Zhou." 7.16. The Master said: "Even though you have only coarse grain for food, water for drink, and your bent arm for a pillow, you may still be happy. Riches and honors without justice are to me as fleeting clouds." 7.21. The Master never talked of: miracles; violence; disorders: spirits. From Book VIII 8.5. Master Zeng said: "Competent, yet willing to listen to the incompetent; talented, yet willing to listen to the talentless; having, yet seeming not to have; full, yet seeming empty; swallowing insults without taking offense long ago, I had a friend who practiced these things." 8.8. The Master said: "Draw inspiration from the Poems; steady your course with the ritual: find your fulfillment in music." 8.13. The Master said: "Uphold the faith, love learning, defend the good Way with your fife. Enter not a country that is unstable: dwell not an a country that is in turmoil. Shine in a world that follows the Way; hide when the world loses the Way. In a country where the Way prevails, it is shameful to remain poor and obscure; in a country which has lost the Way, it is shameful to become rich and honored." 8.17. The Master said: "Learning is like a chase in which, as you fail to catch up, you fear to lose what you have already gained." 7. Identifications of this figure vary, but vener- able Peng might have been a virtuous official of the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1500-1045 B.C.E.). 8. Son of King Wen, who together with King Wu founded the Zhou Dynasty (1045-256 B.C.E.). He laid the groundwork for basic insti- tutions of the Zhou Dynasty and is the found- ing ancestor of the state of Lu, Confucius's home state.