Concrete has a notable capacity against compression stresses but very little capacity against tension stresses (it cracks easily). One strategy to counteract this weakness in tension involves using wires or rods to prestress the concrete beam in regions where flexural tension can be anticipated. Consider the simply-supported beam shown, which has a rectangular cross section of 18" x 12". If concrete has specific weight of 150 pcf (pounds per cubic foot) determine the required tension in rod AB, which runs through the beam so that no tensile stress is developed in the concrete at its center section a-a. Neglect the size of the rod and any deflection of the beam. 16 in. B÷2 in. 18 in. 6 in. 6 in. - 4 ft- - 4 ft

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Q: Maturity

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Design criteria for structural loading

The different loads such as loads due to self-weight (dead load) and external loads such as live load, wind loads, seismic load, snow load, and other loads and load combinations that influence the design of a building are called structural loading. The nature of the applied load differs from changes in the location, design, and type of materials used. The design criteria require that structures must be designed and constructed to be able to withstand all load types that are expected to act upon the structure and render its usage for the designated purpose. The structural members such as beams, slabs, columns, and foundations help the structure to withstand the applied load. There are different institutes such as ASCE and ACI that provide building design codes to assure minimum safety requirements and quality of the structures.