Complete the following statements: At constant volume and number of moles, the pressure of an ideal gas ____ as the temperature decreases according to ___ . At constant temperature and number of moles, the volume of an ideal gas ___ as the pressure decreases according to ___ . At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of an ideal gas ___ as the number of gas atoms of molecules increases according to ___ . 5.) Calculate the temperature in C when 2.50 moles of argon occupy 25.0 L at 1.20 atm. Write the ideal gas equation and give the units for each term.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
- Complete the following statements:
- At constant volume and number of moles, the pressure of an ideal gas ____ as the temperature decreases according to ___ .
- At constant temperature and number of moles, the volume of an ideal gas ___ as the pressure decreases according to ___ .
- At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of an ideal gas ___ as the number of gas atoms of molecules increases according to ___ .
5.) Calculate the temperature in C when 2.50 moles of argon occupy 25.0 L at 1.20 atm. Write the ideal gas equation and give the units for each term.
6.) A sample of oxygen gas occupies a volume of 400 mL at 50oC and 250 mmHg of pressure. What will its volume be at STP?
7.) 0.360 g of a diatomic gas occupies 125.0 mL at 23.0oC and 750. Torr. What is the molar mass of the gas? What diatomic gas is it?
8.) Acetylene (C2H2) burns in oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). 8.64 L of gaseous acetylene (C2H2) is burned at STP according to the equation:
2C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) —> 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O (I)
a.) What is the volume of O2 required for complete combustion?
b.) What is the volume of CO2 produced upon complete combustion?
c.) How many moles of CO2 are produced upon complete combustion?
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