Compare the anatomy of the butterfly and bird wing below. butterfly wing bird wing 1. What is the function of each of these structures? 43 2. How are they different in form? Give specifie differences. 44 Compare the overall body structure of the cave fish and the minnow below. cave fish minrow 1. What is the biggest, most obvious difference between the body structure of these two fish? 45 2. Assume the two fish came from the same original ancestor. Why might the cave fish have evolved without eyesight? 46 3. What kind of sensory adaptation would you hypothesize the cave fish has to allow it to navigate in a cave, including catching and eating food? 47

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.