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Compare and contrast the sugar subunits (A, B) in the disaccharide shown with carbons numbered. CH,OH CH,OH 6 6. 5 5 A (4 ОН 2 3 4 OH НО 3 21 OH

Compare and contrast the sugar subunits (A, B) in the disaccharide shown with carbons numbered. CH,OH CH,OH 6 6. 5 5 A (4 ОН 2 3 4 OH НО 3 21 OH

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Carbohydrate Structure and Analysis **Compare and contrast the sugar subunits (A, B) in the disaccharide shown with carbons numbered.** **Diagram Explanation:** The image displays the structural representation of a disaccharide, which is composed of two sugar subunits labeled A and B. Each subunit is depicted in a hexagonal ring structure with numbered carbon atoms, indicating the cyclic form of the sugars. **Key Features to Notice:** - Each sugar subunit (A and B) exhibits a six-membered ring, characteristic of glucose molecules. - Carbon atoms are numbered 1 through 6 in each ring. - Various functional groups are attached to the carbon atoms: hydroxyl groups (–OH) and hydrogen atoms (–H). - The glycosidic bond linking the two sugar subunits is shown, typically formed between carbon-1 of subunit A and carbon-4 of subunit B in a disaccharide. **Part 1:** Starting from the individual characteristics: - **Sugar Subunit A:** - Carbon-1 (attached to –O–). - Carbon-2, Carbon-3, Carbon-4 (each attached to hydroxyl groups). - Carbon-5 (linked to Carbon-6). - Carbon-6 (attached to a hydroxymethyl group – CH2OH). - **Sugar Subunit B:** - Carbon-1 (attached to –O–, leads to the glycosidic bond with subunit A). - Carbon-2, Carbon-3, Carbon-4 (each attached to hydroxyl groups). - Carbon-5 (linked to Carbon-6). - Carbon-6 (attached to a hydroxymethyl group – CH2OH). Understanding the precise arrangement and functional groups in these configurations helps in analyzing how different carbohydrate molecules influence the overall properties and functions of the disaccharide. Use this detailed structure to explore the chemical reactions or metabolic pathways involving disaccharides in biology and chemistry education.
Transcribed Image Text:### Carbohydrate Structure and Analysis **Compare and contrast the sugar subunits (A, B) in the disaccharide shown with carbons numbered.** **Diagram Explanation:** The image displays the structural representation of a disaccharide, which is composed of two sugar subunits labeled A and B. Each subunit is depicted in a hexagonal ring structure with numbered carbon atoms, indicating the cyclic form of the sugars. **Key Features to Notice:** - Each sugar subunit (A and B) exhibits a six-membered ring, characteristic of glucose molecules. - Carbon atoms are numbered 1 through 6 in each ring. - Various functional groups are attached to the carbon atoms: hydroxyl groups (–OH) and hydrogen atoms (–H). - The glycosidic bond linking the two sugar subunits is shown, typically formed between carbon-1 of subunit A and carbon-4 of subunit B in a disaccharide. **Part 1:** Starting from the individual characteristics: - **Sugar Subunit A:** - Carbon-1 (attached to –O–). - Carbon-2, Carbon-3, Carbon-4 (each attached to hydroxyl groups). - Carbon-5 (linked to Carbon-6). - Carbon-6 (attached to a hydroxymethyl group – CH2OH). - **Sugar Subunit B:** - Carbon-1 (attached to –O–, leads to the glycosidic bond with subunit A). - Carbon-2, Carbon-3, Carbon-4 (each attached to hydroxyl groups). - Carbon-5 (linked to Carbon-6). - Carbon-6 (attached to a hydroxymethyl group – CH2OH). Understanding the precise arrangement and functional groups in these configurations helps in analyzing how different carbohydrate molecules influence the overall properties and functions of the disaccharide. Use this detailed structure to explore the chemical reactions or metabolic pathways involving disaccharides in biology and chemistry education.
**Table Completion Instructions for Educational Use** The following table needs to be filled with specific information pertaining to the characteristics of chemical subunits. Each row header instructs what type of information is required. Fill in the table by entering the appropriate unambiguous references from diagrams or data as specified. **Characteristic Table for Subunits A and B** *Characteristic* | *A subunit* | *B subunit* ---|---|--- Hemiacetal (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, as needed) | | Acetal (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, as needed) | | Anomeric carbon (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, or none) | | Glycosidic bond (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, or none) | | Enter Reducing or Non-reducing for each subunit | | This table is designed to classify and distinguish between different structural features of two distinct subunits, labeled "A" and "B". For each characteristic, you need to provide values based on available diagrams or structural data: 1. **Hemiacetal**: Identify and enter the specific carbon number(s) forming a hemiacetal in both A and B subunits. 2. **Acetal**: Identify and enter the specific carbon number(s) forming an acetal in both A and B subunits. 3. **Anomeric carbon**: Specify the anomeric carbon by its carbon number(s), noting A1-A6 or B1-B6, or indicate if there is none. 4. **Glycosidic bond**: Point out the carbon numbers involved in forming glycosidic bonds in A and B subunits. 5. **Reducing or Non-reducing**: Determine and state whether each subunit (A and B) is reducing or non-reducing. This is a functional characteristic depending on the presence or absence of free aldehyde or ketone groups. Accurate completion of this table requires a good understanding of organic chemistry concepts, particularly the structural aspects of carbohydrates and related compounds. This guide allows you to methodically fill in data for detailed analysis and comparisons.
Transcribed Image Text:**Table Completion Instructions for Educational Use** The following table needs to be filled with specific information pertaining to the characteristics of chemical subunits. Each row header instructs what type of information is required. Fill in the table by entering the appropriate unambiguous references from diagrams or data as specified. **Characteristic Table for Subunits A and B** *Characteristic* | *A subunit* | *B subunit* ---|---|--- Hemiacetal (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, as needed) | | Acetal (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, as needed) | | Anomeric carbon (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, or none) | | Glycosidic bond (enter carbon number(s), A1-A6, B1-B6, or none) | | Enter Reducing or Non-reducing for each subunit | | This table is designed to classify and distinguish between different structural features of two distinct subunits, labeled "A" and "B". For each characteristic, you need to provide values based on available diagrams or structural data: 1. **Hemiacetal**: Identify and enter the specific carbon number(s) forming a hemiacetal in both A and B subunits. 2. **Acetal**: Identify and enter the specific carbon number(s) forming an acetal in both A and B subunits. 3. **Anomeric carbon**: Specify the anomeric carbon by its carbon number(s), noting A1-A6 or B1-B6, or indicate if there is none. 4. **Glycosidic bond**: Point out the carbon numbers involved in forming glycosidic bonds in A and B subunits. 5. **Reducing or Non-reducing**: Determine and state whether each subunit (A and B) is reducing or non-reducing. This is a functional characteristic depending on the presence or absence of free aldehyde or ketone groups. Accurate completion of this table requires a good understanding of organic chemistry concepts, particularly the structural aspects of carbohydrates and related compounds. This guide allows you to methodically fill in data for detailed analysis and comparisons.
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