Microscopic examination
The analysis of minute organisms, cellular organization of any biological structure, and composition of body fluids with the help of a microscope is known as microscopic examination. The magnification of specimens or samples under study helps in attaining a clearer picture of it.
Gram Staining
Named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist, Gram stain is one of the most powerful staining techniques within microbiology. This technique was introduced in 1882 to identify pneumonia-causing organisms. The Gram staining technique uses crystal violet or methylene blue as primary staining colors to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative organisms. Under a microscope, the gram-positive organisms appear purple-brown, retaining the primary color. Gram-negative organisms appear pink or red as they do not acquire the color of the primary stain.
Compare and contrast the operation of optical microscopy and TEM in terms of Contrast (explain all different types for each microscopy)
Note: Wherever possible, explain what factors affect or control each features.
Optical microscopy is a method used to carefully examine a specimen by magnifying it using visible light and a lens. An optical microscope, often known as a light microscope, magnifies pictures of tiny materials by using visible light and one or more lenses. The lenses are positioned between the sample and the viewer's eye to enlarge the picture, allowing for a more thorough examination.
Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) are microscopes that employ an electron beam to provide a greatly magnified picture of a specimen. TEMs have the ability to magnify things up to 2 million times. Consider the size of a cell to have a better understanding of how little that is. It is hardly surprising that TEMs have gained such importance in the biological and medical domains.
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