Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning.
9. Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning.
Learning is relatively permanent change in behavior or behavior potential as a result of practice or experience.Behaviorism defines learning as conditioning of CS with UCS which results in CR. Both Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning result in learning new behavior but there is difference in process or method.
> Classical Conditioning - This type of conditioning was accidently discovered by Ivan Pavlov, who was doing experiment on digestive system of dogs. He discovered that dogs automatically started salivating with presentation of food. Later he found that a neutral stimulus, like sound of a bell which earlier produced no response could elicit salivation if paired with food repeatedly. Which means dog started salivating hearing the sound of bell.
CS (Bell) + UCS (Food) = UCR (Salivation)
CS ( Bell) = CR (Salivation)
Stimulus generalisation, Stimulus differentiation, extinction, spontaneous recovery are some of important phenomena associated with C.C.
> Operant Conditioning / Instrumental Conditioning - BF skinner discovered that reinforcement can be used to maintain a behavior while punishment can be used to stop unwanted behavior.
>Schedule of reinforcement plays important role in learning a new behavior and further strengthening it. Variable ratio schedule, Variable interval schedule, Fixed ratio schedule, Fixed Interval Schedule are four patterns of reinforcement.
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