Companies often are under pressure to meet or beat Wall Street earnings projections in order to increase stockprices and also to increase the value of stock options. Some resort to earnings management practices to artificiallycreate desired results.Required:Is earnings management always intended to produce higher income? Explain.Companies often voluntarily provide non-GAAP earnings when they announce annual or quarterly earnings.Required:1. What is meant by the term non-GAAP earnings in this context?

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