Coming from the acid pH of the stomach which pH level does the chyme find when it enters the duodenum? Why is it necessary to maintain that pH level in the small intestine? What are the organs responsible for that pH level and how is it kept?
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- What is the adnexal organof the digestive system inwhich bile is stored? Howdoes this organ react to theingestion of fat rich food?The presence of a harmful bacteria in the stomach will probably cause- O nothing O peristolis O salivating O vomitingAfter digestion the nextstep is absorption done bycells of the mucous membraneof the intestine. For this task alarge absorption surface is anadvantage. How is it possiblein the small internal space ofthe body of a pluricellularorganism to present a largeintestinal surface?
- . (a) What is the order of magnitude of the number ofmicroorganisms in the human intestinal tract? A typical bacterial length scale is 1026 m. Estimate the intestinal volume and assume 1% of it is occupied by bacteria. (b) Does the number of bacteria suggest whetherthe bacteria are beneficial, dangerous, or neutral forthe human body? What functions could they serve?What is the differencebetween a complete digestivesystem and an incompletedigestive system? How arethese types of digestive tubesassociated or not toextracellular digestion?Besides being fundamentalfor the activation of the maingastric digestive enzyme howdoes HCl also directlyparticipate in digestion?
- Microvilli increase the surface area of intestinalcells, providing more efficient absorption of nutrients.Microvilli are shown in profile and cross section in FigureQ11–1. From the dimensions given in the figure, estimatethe increase in surface area that microvilli provide (forthe portion of the plasma membrane in contact with thelumen of the gut) relative to the corresponding surface of acell with a “flat” plasma membrane.29. List the four steps in Rumination: a. b. C. d. 30. Carbon dioxide and methane produced during fermentation is eliminated by the ruminant through the process of. This occurs approximately per minute. 31. In ruminants, are absorbed into the blood as their main source of energy. 32. List the three parts of the small intestine. vd seooulg boold owol a. b. С. 33. Identify the parts of the Gl tract on this illustration 1 3 4 6. 7 8 9. 10 34. Lymphoid tissue called are foundWhat is the digestiveenzyme that acts within thestomach? Which type of fooddoes it digest? What are thecells that produce thatenzyme?
- The pancreases secretes insulin which is made up of chain of 51 amino acids. How is insulin able to enter the bloodstream despite its relatively large size? 1. The pancreas contains continuous capillatries. 2. The pancreas contains cell that are very good at exocytosic which creastes a larher concentration of isulin in the interstitial fluid that diffuses into the blood. 3. The pansrea contains fenestrated cappilaries. 4. Insullin is hydropholic so it can diffuse across cell membranesWhich of these do you think would havethe most severe effect on digestion: surgicalremoval of the stomach, gallbladder, orpancreas? ExplainWatch this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/sintestine) that depicts the structure of the small intestine, and, in particular, the villi. Epithelial cells continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients and transport these nutrients to the lymphatic and circulatory systems. In the small intestine, the products of food digestion are absorbed by different structures in the villi. Which structure absorbs and transports fats?