CO₂Me MeO₂C dimethyl fumarate A 1,3-butadiene A CO₂Me CO₂Me dimethyl maleate

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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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The diagram presented depicts the Diels-Alder reaction involving 1,3-butadiene with two different dienophiles: dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl maleate.

### Diagram Explanation:

1. **Central Compound**:
   - **1,3-butadiene**: This is the diene involved in the Diels-Alder reactions shown. It contains two double bonds separated by a single bond.

2. **Reaction Pathways**:
   - 1,3-butadiene can react with either dimethyl fumarate or dimethyl maleate under heat (represented by the delta symbol, Δ) to form Diels-Alder adducts.

3. **Left Pathway**:
   - **Dienophile**: Dimethyl fumarate
   - **Structure**: Dimethyl fumarate has two ester groups (CO2Me) on adjacent carbons, with a trans configuration.
   - **Product**: The reaction with 1,3-butadiene under heat leads to the formation of a cyclohexene derivative.

4. **Right Pathway**:
   - **Dienophile**: Dimethyl maleate
   - **Structure**: Dimethyl maleate also has two ester groups (CO2Me) on adjacent carbons, but with a cis configuration.
   - **Product**: Similarly, the reaction with 1,3-butadiene under heat leads to the formation of a cyclohexene derivative.

### Summary:

This diagram highlights how 1,3-butadiene can undergo Diels-Alder reactions with different dienophiles, specifically dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl maleate, leading to the formation of different cyclohexene derivatives depending on the configuration (cis or trans) of the dienophile. This type of reaction is a powerful tool in synthetic organic chemistry for building complex molecular structures.
Transcribed Image Text:The diagram presented depicts the Diels-Alder reaction involving 1,3-butadiene with two different dienophiles: dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl maleate. ### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Central Compound**: - **1,3-butadiene**: This is the diene involved in the Diels-Alder reactions shown. It contains two double bonds separated by a single bond. 2. **Reaction Pathways**: - 1,3-butadiene can react with either dimethyl fumarate or dimethyl maleate under heat (represented by the delta symbol, Δ) to form Diels-Alder adducts. 3. **Left Pathway**: - **Dienophile**: Dimethyl fumarate - **Structure**: Dimethyl fumarate has two ester groups (CO2Me) on adjacent carbons, with a trans configuration. - **Product**: The reaction with 1,3-butadiene under heat leads to the formation of a cyclohexene derivative. 4. **Right Pathway**: - **Dienophile**: Dimethyl maleate - **Structure**: Dimethyl maleate also has two ester groups (CO2Me) on adjacent carbons, but with a cis configuration. - **Product**: Similarly, the reaction with 1,3-butadiene under heat leads to the formation of a cyclohexene derivative. ### Summary: This diagram highlights how 1,3-butadiene can undergo Diels-Alder reactions with different dienophiles, specifically dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl maleate, leading to the formation of different cyclohexene derivatives depending on the configuration (cis or trans) of the dienophile. This type of reaction is a powerful tool in synthetic organic chemistry for building complex molecular structures.
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