Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
![**Title: Identifying Electrophilic Centers in Acetone Reaction Mechanism**
**Instruction:**
Click on the electrophilic center of all species that act as electrophiles in this mechanism:
**Reaction Mechanism Illustration:**
The diagram illustrates the reaction mechanism involving acetone (CH₃COCH₃). The mechanism proceeds through several steps:
1. **Acetone Molecule:**
- The central structure is the acetone molecule, depicted with an oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon, with two methyl groups (CH₃) attached.
- Lone pairs on the oxygen atom indicate its potential to act as an electrophile.
2. **First Interaction:**
- An interaction with a water molecule (H₂O) is shown, where the hydroxide ion (OH⁻) attacks the carbonyl carbon.
3. **Intermediate Formation:**
- The diagram progresses to show an intermediate where the oxygen from the water molecule is now bonded to the carbonyl carbon, and an additional water molecule is released.
4. **Proton Transfer:**
- There is a depiction of a proton transfer, leading to the formation of an enolate ion (CH₂CO⁻).
- This intermediate is stabilized by resonance, which is illustrated by arrows indicating electron movement.
5. **Final Products:**
- The mechanism concludes with the formation of a final product, showing another attack by a hydroxide ion on the enolate ion, resulting in the release of a negatively charged oxygen species.
**Note:**
You can place up to 3 targets on the diagram to indicate the electrophilic centers. Utilize the tools provided to undo, delete, or remove selections as necessary.
**Interface Options:**
- Targets placed: 0/3
- Undo
- Delete selected
- Remove All
This visualization aids in understanding the role of acetone as an electrophile and the transformation it undergoes within this mechanism.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F71475c2c-9e7c-4d61-b520-b4568846343a%2F86c3c92e-a4c4-4ef0-b077-d4656d79b906%2F3yirwlk_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Organic Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry: Principles and Reactions](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)