Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Classification of Amines
**Objective:**
Classify each of the following amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
**Given Structures:**
1. **CH₂CH₃**
- |
- CH₃CH₂NCH₂CH₃
2. **CH₃**
- |
- CH₃NCH
- |
- CH₃
3. **CH₃NCH₂CH₃**
- |
- CH₃
**Instructions:**
For each of the given amine structures, select whether it is a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine from the dropdown menu:
1. **First Structure:**
- Structure: Ethylamine variant with ethyl groups attached to nitrogen.
- Dropdown:
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
2. **Second Structure:**
- Structure: Trimethylamine variant with three methyl groups attached to nitrogen.
- Dropdown:
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
3. **Third Structure:**
- Structure: Dimethylethylamine variant with three alkyl groups (one ethyl and two methyl groups) attached to the nitrogen.
- Dropdown:
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
**Action:**
- Select the appropriate classification from each dropdown menu.
- Click "Submit Answer" to record your classifications.
- If needed, you may attempt the entire group again by clicking "Retry Entire Group" (5 attempts remaining).
**Buttons:**
- **Submit Answer**: Confirms your selections.
- **Retry Entire Group**: Allows you to make another attempt if necessary. You have 5 more attempts remaining.
Use your knowledge of the structure and classification of amines to determine which type each given structure represents.

Transcribed Image Text:**Classifying Amines: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary**
Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH₃) by the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by alkyl or aryl groups. They can be categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Understanding the classification helps in studying their reactivity and applications in organic chemistry.
Below is a mechanism to identify whether the amines in question are primary, secondary, or tertiary.
### Question:
**Classify each of the following amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary:**
1. **\( \text{CH}_3\text{CHNHCH}\text{CH}_3 \)**
This represents the structure of an organic amine where various carbon and nitrogen atoms are bonded.
2. **Piperidine Structure**
There is a ring structure with nitrogen (N) bonded within the ring and another group attached (represented by a hexagon with an embedded "N" and an attached \(\text{CH}_3\) group).
3. **Aniline Derivative**
Here, a benzene ring is bonded to a side chain with nitrogen, specifically \( \text{CH}_2\text{N(CH}_3)_2 \).
### Classifications:
- **Primary Amines:** Contain one carbon-containing group attached to the nitrogen.
- **Secondary Amines:** Contain two carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen.
- **Tertiary Amines:** Contain three carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen.
### Instructions
1. **Structure One: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CHNHCH}\text{CH}_3 \)**
- **Observation:** The nitrogen (N) is bonded to two carbon chains.
- **Classification:** This is a **secondary amine** because the nitrogen has two alkyl groups attached to it.
2. **Structure Two: Ring with an embedded "N" and attached \( \text{CH}_3 \)**
- **Observation:** The nitrogen atom is in the ring and bonded with one other hydrogen (H) and one methyl group (\(\text{CH}_3\)).
- **Classification:** This is a **secondary amine**, as it has two groups attached to nitrogen – one from the ring structure and one methyl group.
3. **Structure Three: Benzene ring bonded with side
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