Answered: cithin’s give a smooth texture to…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter3: Biological Molecules: The Carbon Compounds Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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True/False Questions

Lecithin’s give a smooth texture to products such as margarine, chocolates, and candies.
Large amounts of sphingomyelins are found in the brain and nerve tissues as well as they form a protective myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves.
Glycolipids are saponifiable complex lipids and are made up of sphingosine, fatty acids, and carbohydrate.
Biodiesels are non-petroleum-based fuels which are replaced a diesel fuel. These are produced from vegetable oils primarily from soya bean.
Lecithins and cephalins are glycerophospholipids that are found in egg yolks, wheat germ, and yeast.

Expert Solution

Step 1Introduction

Lipids are a group of compounds that are oily or greasy in nature. They consist of alcohol generally glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids molecules.
Fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids having a single carboxyl group at one end to which is attached long-chain hydrocarbon tail.
Lipids can be saturated or unsaturated depending upon the degree of saturation in fatty acids.
Saturated lipids: If carbon atoms in fatty acid are attached with single bonds it is called saturated fatty acid.
Unsaturated lipids: If in the hydrocarbon chain, carbon atoms at one or more places are attached through double bonds it is called unsaturated lipids.
Lipids have a high caloric value, generally insoluble in water.
Lipids act as a heat insulator in the body.
The melting and boiling point of lipids depends upon hydrocarbon chain length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids.
Unsaturated lipids generally exist in a liquid state whereas saturated lipids are mostly solids.

Step 2 Answer 1

Lecithin’s give a smooth texture to products such as margarine, chocolates, and candies.

It is true.
Lecithin is a group of fatty substances that are yellow-brownish in color.
They are amphiphilic in nature.
They are generally a mixture of various phosphoglycerides and phospholipids.
They are good emulsifiers, lubricants, and surfactants hence they are used as additives in chocolates, candies, doughs, and cooking sprays for coating, spreading, fermenting, and preventing sticking.

Step 3 Answer 2

Large amounts of sphingomyelins are found in the brain and nerve tissues as well as they form a protective myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves.

Answer

It is true
Sphingomyelins are found in nervous tissue and the brain.
They are absent in plants and microorganisms.
Excessive sphingomyelins cause Niemann-Pick Disease
Sphingomyelin is a compound lipid called as Phosphosphingosides. They don't consist of glycerol instead consist of nitrogenous base sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphoric acid, and choline.

Step 4 Answer 3

Glycolipids are saponifiable complex lipids and are made up of sphingosine, fatty acids, and carbohydrate.

Answer:

It is true
Also called cerebrosides or glycosphingosides.
Consists of sphingosine, fatty acid, glucose, or galactose unit as carbohydrate.
Choline and phosphoric acid are absent.
The Sphingosine-fatty acid portion is collectively called ceramide.

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