Chromosomes and Genes Sexual reproduction involves the combining of an egg cell from a female of a species and a sperm cell from a male of the same species. The egg and sperm each contain one copy of each chromosome, with half of the genetic material for the resulting offspring. In humans, each egg and sperm cell contains 23 different chromosomes. The genetic material is the code, or the blueprint, that determines what the offspring will look like (structure) as well as how it will function. All animals are governed by chromosomes that determine the traits of that particular species. This activity will model the different traits found in rats. Procedure 1. Make a circle with the string. This will represent the combined nucleus of the new offspring. Chromosome 1: Sex of Offspring 2. Make the shape of an X with two of the white pipe cleaners. The egg from the female only carries X chromosomes and, therefore, can only provide an X to the offspring. 3. Place in the nucleus. 4. Male organisms have both an X and a Y chromosome so the sperm can provide either an X or a Y. To determine which is carried by the sperm, flip a coin: If heads, make another X, and if tails, make a Y out of white pipe cleaners. Place in the nucleus next to the original X. 5. Determine the sex of the offspring, XX = female and XY = male. 6. Draw and label the chromosomes in your nucleus in the provided space below. Chromosome 1: Sex of Offspring
Chromosomes and Genes Sexual reproduction involves the combining of an egg cell from a female of a species and a sperm cell from a male of the same species. The egg and sperm each contain one copy of each chromosome, with half of the genetic material for the resulting offspring. In humans, each egg and sperm cell contains 23 different chromosomes. The genetic material is the code, or the blueprint, that determines what the offspring will look like (structure) as well as how it will function. All animals are governed by chromosomes that determine the traits of that particular species. This activity will model the different traits found in rats. Procedure 1. Make a circle with the string. This will represent the combined nucleus of the new offspring. Chromosome 1: Sex of Offspring 2. Make the shape of an X with two of the white pipe cleaners. The egg from the female only carries X chromosomes and, therefore, can only provide an X to the offspring. 3. Place in the nucleus. 4. Male organisms have both an X and a Y chromosome so the sperm can provide either an X or a Y. To determine which is carried by the sperm, flip a coin: If heads, make another X, and if tails, make a Y out of white pipe cleaners. Place in the nucleus next to the original X. 5. Determine the sex of the offspring, XX = female and XY = male. 6. Draw and label the chromosomes in your nucleus in the provided space below. Chromosome 1: Sex of Offspring
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:Genes and Proteins
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Chromosomes and Genes
Sexual reproduction involves the combining of an egg cell from a female of a species and a
sperm cell from a male of the same species. The egg and sperm each contain one copy of each
chromosome, with half of the genetic material for the resulting offspring. In humans, each egg
and sperm cell contains 23 different chromosomes. The genetic material is the code, or the
blueprint, that determines what the offspring will look like (structure) as well as how it will
function. All animals are governed by chromosomes that determine the traits of that particular
species. This activity will model the different traits found in rats.
Procedure
1.
Make a circle with the string. This will represent the combined nucleus of the new
offspring.
Chromosome 1: Sex of Offspring
Make the shape of an X with two of the white pipe cleaners. The egg from the female
only carries X chromosomes and, therefore, can only provide an X to the offspring.
2.
3.
Place in the nucleus.
4.
Male organisms have both an X and a Y chromosome so the sperm can provide either
an X or a Y. To determine which is carried by the sperm, flip a coin: If heads, make
another X, and if tails, make a Y out of white pipe cleaners. Place in the nucleus next to
the original X.
5.
Determine the sex of the offspring, XX = female and XY = male.
Draw and label the chromosomes in your nucleus in the provided space below.
6.
Chromosome 1: Sex of Offspring
1
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Transcribed Image Text:Genes and Proteins
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Explore 1
Reflection Questions
1.
What is the sex of your rat?
2.
Look at the offspring cells of the different groups near you. Are the chromosomes all the
same? Give examples.
3.
Why did the different groups have different sets of chromosomes?
4.
How many of each type of gene is provided by each parent?
5.
How many variants of a gene can an offspring have?
6.
Genes and chromosomes are microscopic and difficult to observe. How does the
simulation and model help in understanding how traits are inherited?
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