Chloroplast ATP synthase FAD Citric Acid cycle Proton gradient Substrate level phosphorylation Calvin Cycle High energy electrons NADP+ Protons FADH2 Animals NADPH Mitochondria Oxidative Phosphorylation Glucose (Sugar) ATP 70 words 1 Text Predictions: On Accessibility: Good to go

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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### Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Concepts

**Chloroplast**  
A plant cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs, converting solar energy into chemical energy.

**ATP Synthase**  
An enzyme that creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate) using a proton gradient across the membrane.

**FAD**  
Flavin adenine dinucleotide, a redox-active coenzyme associated with various biological reactions.

**Citric Acid Cycle**  
A crucial metabolic pathway that finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production of ATP.

**Proton Gradient**  
A gradient formed by the difference in proton concentrations across a membrane, vital for ATP synthesis.

**Substrate Level Phosphorylation**  
A type of ATP production occurring directly in the citric acid cycle and glycolysis.

**Calvin Cycle**  
A set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.

**High Energy Electrons**  
Electrons that have been energized by light or from the breakdown of molecules.

**NADP+**  
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme that carries electrons in photosynthesis.

**Protons**  
Subatomic particles with a positive charge, playing a key role in creating a proton gradient for ATP production.

**FADH2**  
A redox cofactor created during the Krebs cycle, used in the electron transport chain.

**Animals**  
Multicellular organisms that typically obtain energy through respiration.

**NADPH**  
An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis, providing the necessary high-energy electrons.

**Mitochondria**  
Organelles that are the main site of ATP production during cellular respiration.

**Oxidative Phosphorylation**  
The final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria and producing the most ATP.

**Glucose (Sugar)**  
A simple sugar that organisms metabolize to release energy.

**ATP**  
Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy currency of the cell.

This text is a comprehensive guide to key biological terms associated with cellular respiration and photosynthesis, critical for understanding how cells convert energy and sustain life.
Transcribed Image Text:### Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Concepts **Chloroplast** A plant cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs, converting solar energy into chemical energy. **ATP Synthase** An enzyme that creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate) using a proton gradient across the membrane. **FAD** Flavin adenine dinucleotide, a redox-active coenzyme associated with various biological reactions. **Citric Acid Cycle** A crucial metabolic pathway that finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production of ATP. **Proton Gradient** A gradient formed by the difference in proton concentrations across a membrane, vital for ATP synthesis. **Substrate Level Phosphorylation** A type of ATP production occurring directly in the citric acid cycle and glycolysis. **Calvin Cycle** A set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. **High Energy Electrons** Electrons that have been energized by light or from the breakdown of molecules. **NADP+** Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme that carries electrons in photosynthesis. **Protons** Subatomic particles with a positive charge, playing a key role in creating a proton gradient for ATP production. **FADH2** A redox cofactor created during the Krebs cycle, used in the electron transport chain. **Animals** Multicellular organisms that typically obtain energy through respiration. **NADPH** An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis, providing the necessary high-energy electrons. **Mitochondria** Organelles that are the main site of ATP production during cellular respiration. **Oxidative Phosphorylation** The final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria and producing the most ATP. **Glucose (Sugar)** A simple sugar that organisms metabolize to release energy. **ATP** Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy currency of the cell. This text is a comprehensive guide to key biological terms associated with cellular respiration and photosynthesis, critical for understanding how cells convert energy and sustain life.
**Assignment: Creating a Digital Concept Map**

**Instructions:**
Create a digital concept map using the following words. To make the digital concept map, you can use the website [canva.com](http://canva.com).

**Key Terms:**

- Cellular Respiration
- Oxygen
- Electron Transport Chain
- Water
- Photosynthesis
- ADP
- Chemiosmosis
- Sunlight
- Plants
- NAD⁺
- Pyruvate Oxidation
- Carbon Dioxide
- NADH
- Light Reactions
- Chloroplast

**Guidance:**
Utilize these terms to visually demonstrate their interconnections and significance in biological processes. Highlight the roles they play in photosynthesis and cellular respiration and how they interact within plants and cellular structures like chloroplasts.

**Visualization Tools:**
Consider using shapes and arrows to indicate relationships and processes. For example, illustrate how sunlight is captured by plants, leading to photosynthesis in the chloroplast, and how this connects to cellular respiration.
Transcribed Image Text:**Assignment: Creating a Digital Concept Map** **Instructions:** Create a digital concept map using the following words. To make the digital concept map, you can use the website [canva.com](http://canva.com). **Key Terms:** - Cellular Respiration - Oxygen - Electron Transport Chain - Water - Photosynthesis - ADP - Chemiosmosis - Sunlight - Plants - NAD⁺ - Pyruvate Oxidation - Carbon Dioxide - NADH - Light Reactions - Chloroplast **Guidance:** Utilize these terms to visually demonstrate their interconnections and significance in biological processes. Highlight the roles they play in photosynthesis and cellular respiration and how they interact within plants and cellular structures like chloroplasts. **Visualization Tools:** Consider using shapes and arrows to indicate relationships and processes. For example, illustrate how sunlight is captured by plants, leading to photosynthesis in the chloroplast, and how this connects to cellular respiration.
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