Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes, whereas humans have 46. Human chromosome 2 is a large, metacentric chromosome with G-banding patterns that closely match those found on two different acrocentric chromosomes of the apes. Which statement would BEST explain these findings? O Infection by a primate virus created a new chromosome when the viral DNA became a permanent part of the genome. Humans were not affected by this virus, so they did not acquire the extra chromosome. O Humans have the correct number of chromosomes. The extra chromosome pair in the other apes is a classic case of tetrasomy as a result of melotic nondisjunction in the primate ancestor. O A nonreciprocal translocation and subsequent fusion of the chromosomal fragments created a genome of 46 chromosomes without the loss of any genetic information. O Meiotic nondisjunction gave rise to a nullisomic gamete. The fusion of two nullisomic gametes produced the ancestor of the human species with 46 chromosomes instead of 48. O A translocation took place in a human ancestor, creating a large metacentric chromosome from the two long arms of the ancestral acrocentric chromosomes. The other small chromosome produced by this translocation was lost.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes, whereas humans have 46. Human chromosome 2 is a large, metacentric
chromosome with G-banding patterns that closely match those found on two different acrocentric chromosomes of the apes. Which statement
would BEST explain these findings?
O Infection by a primate virus created a new chromosome when the viral DNA became a permanent part of the genome. Humans were not affected by this virus,
so they did not acquire the extra chromosome.
O Humans have the correct number of chromosomes. The extra chromosome pair in the other apes is a classic case of tetrasomy as a result of melotic
nondisjunction in the primate ancestor.
O A nonreciprocal translocation and subsequent fusion of the chromosomal fragments created a genome of 46 chromosomes without the loss of any genetic
information.
O Meiotic nondisjunction gave rise to a nullisomic gamete. The fusion of two nullisomic gametes produced the ancestor of the human species with 46
chromosomes instead of 48.
O A translocation took place in a human ancestor, creating a large metacentric chromosome from the two long arms of the ancestral acrocentric chromosomes.
The other small chromosome produced by this translocation was lost.
Transcribed Image Text:Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes, whereas humans have 46. Human chromosome 2 is a large, metacentric chromosome with G-banding patterns that closely match those found on two different acrocentric chromosomes of the apes. Which statement would BEST explain these findings? O Infection by a primate virus created a new chromosome when the viral DNA became a permanent part of the genome. Humans were not affected by this virus, so they did not acquire the extra chromosome. O Humans have the correct number of chromosomes. The extra chromosome pair in the other apes is a classic case of tetrasomy as a result of melotic nondisjunction in the primate ancestor. O A nonreciprocal translocation and subsequent fusion of the chromosomal fragments created a genome of 46 chromosomes without the loss of any genetic information. O Meiotic nondisjunction gave rise to a nullisomic gamete. The fusion of two nullisomic gametes produced the ancestor of the human species with 46 chromosomes instead of 48. O A translocation took place in a human ancestor, creating a large metacentric chromosome from the two long arms of the ancestral acrocentric chromosomes. The other small chromosome produced by this translocation was lost.
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Introduction 

Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA and protein that carry the genetic information (genes) of an organism. They are found in the nucleus of most cells in the body and are visible under a microscope during cell division. Chromosomes contain the genetic information necessary for the development, growth, and reproduction of an organism.

In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. These chromosomes are inherited from the parents and determine an individual's traits and characteristics. The study of chromosomes and their abnormalities is important in the diagnosis and treatment of genetic disorders.

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