Children's toys and jewelry were assessed for their contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTE). This includes traces of As (74.92 g/mol), Cd (112.4 g/mol), Pb (207.2 g/mol), and Zn (65.39 g/mol) among others. The concentrations of these PTES were determined to characterize the subsequent health risks, and to possibly reinforce better legislation on the manufacturing of these products. A. If 365 ppb of Zn was observed, what is its equivalent in %(w/w)? B. A sample of plastic toy was treated resulting to a 500 mL solution. What is the concentration of Pb in ppm if 25 µg of Pb is found in the sample? C. A 250 mL stock solution of 1.5 M As standard was prepared. What volume (in mL) of As stock solution must you use to prepare 50 mL of 0.75 M As solution? D. If the treatment used HNO3 (p = 1.51 g/mL) as the solvent during dissolution, and the density of Cd is 8.7 g/mL, what is the concentration of Cd in molality if the amount of Cd found in a 250 mL solution was 24 mg?
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
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