Chi-square tests are common in genetics. A gene called ACTN3 encodes a protein which functions in fast-twitch muscles. different variants of this gene, classified as RR, RX, or XX. Computer output is shown for testing whether the proportions in categories are 0.25, 0.5, and 0.25, respectively. The observed counts come from a study¹ conducted in Australia. Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test for Observed Counts Test Contribution Category Observed Proportion Expected to Chi-Sq RR 130 0.25 109 RX 226 0.50 218 4.04587 0.29358

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Chi-square tests are common in genetics. A gene called ACTN3 encodes a protein which functions in fast-twitch muscles. People have
different variants of this gene, classified as RR, RX, or XX. Computer output is shown for testing whether the proportions in these
categories are 0.25, 0.5, and 0.25, respectively. The observed counts come from a study¹ conducted in Australia.
Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test for Observed Counts
(a) What is the sample size?
n = i
Observed = i
Expected = i
Degree of Freedom = i
Test
Contribution
Category Observed Proportion Expected to Chi-Sq
RR
130
0.25
109
(e) What is the p-value?
RX
p-value =
XX
N
(d) What are the degrees of freedom for the test?
i
V
226
80
436
(c) Which variant contributes the most to the chi-square statistic?
DF
For this variant, is the observed value greater than or less than expected?
2
(b) What is the observed number of people with the variant RR for this gene? What is the expected number of people in this group
under Ho?
Do the assumed proportions appear to be accurate?
0.50
0.25
218
109
Chi-Sq P-value
12.0550 0.002
4.04587
0.29358
7.71560
Transcribed Image Text:Chi-square tests are common in genetics. A gene called ACTN3 encodes a protein which functions in fast-twitch muscles. People have different variants of this gene, classified as RR, RX, or XX. Computer output is shown for testing whether the proportions in these categories are 0.25, 0.5, and 0.25, respectively. The observed counts come from a study¹ conducted in Australia. Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test for Observed Counts (a) What is the sample size? n = i Observed = i Expected = i Degree of Freedom = i Test Contribution Category Observed Proportion Expected to Chi-Sq RR 130 0.25 109 (e) What is the p-value? RX p-value = XX N (d) What are the degrees of freedom for the test? i V 226 80 436 (c) Which variant contributes the most to the chi-square statistic? DF For this variant, is the observed value greater than or less than expected? 2 (b) What is the observed number of people with the variant RR for this gene? What is the expected number of people in this group under Ho? Do the assumed proportions appear to be accurate? 0.50 0.25 218 109 Chi-Sq P-value 12.0550 0.002 4.04587 0.29358 7.71560
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