**Activity: Identifying Enantiomers** **Instructions:** Check the box under each structure in the table that is an enantiomer of the reference molecule shown below. If none of them are enantiomers, check the "none of the above" box. **Reference Molecule:** - Central carbon bonded to: - Hydroxyl group (OH) - Bromine atom (Br) - Chlorine atom (Cl) **Molecule Options:** 1. **Molecule 1:** - Central carbon bonded to: - Hydroxyl group (HO) - Bromine atom (Br) - Chlorine atom (Cl) 2. **Molecule 2:** - Central carbon bonded to: - Hydroxyl group (OH) - Chlorine atom (Cl) - Bromine atom (Br) 3. **Molecule 3:** - Central carbon bonded to: - Hydroxyl group (HO) - Bromine atom (Br) - Chlorine atom (Cl) 4. **Molecule 4:** - Central carbon bonded to: - Hydroxyl group (HO) - Chlorine atom (Cl) - Bromine atom (Br) 5. **Molecule 5:** - Central carbon bonded to: - Bromine atom (Br) - Chlorine atom (Cl) - Hydroxyl group (OH) 6. **Molecule 6:** - Central carbon bonded to: - Hydroxyl group (OH) - Bromine atom (Br) - Chlorine atom (Cl) **Options:** - "none of the above" **Actions:** - Click “Check” after making your selections to confirm your answers. **Note:** An enantiomer is a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of the molecule but not identical, much like left and right hands. **Navigation:** - Buttons for "Explanation" and "Check" are located below the table for additional guidance and submission. - © 2023 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility This educational activity helps users understand concepts of stereochemistry and enantiomer identification.
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Given are organic compounds.
Enantiomers are isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and have exact opposite configuration.
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