React the following with (a) Cl,, hv. Show all possible mono-chlorination products. Calculate percentag of products. 1. 4. React the following with (b) NBS, hv, CCI4. Indicate the major product if there are multiple possible. 7. OH React the alcohols 7-10 with all reagents (c)-(g). There may be some No Reaction (NR). This may be a good time to try doing a spider diagram. (c) HBr (d) HCI (e) HI (f) SOCI₂, Py (g) PBr3 11. 2. 8. 1. Li 1. Mg (h) Mg (i) 2. Cul (1) 2. H30+ CI 5. React alkyl halides 11-13 with all reagents (h)-(l). 1. Li (k) 2. Cul 3. CH3 Br ОН 12. 9. MgBr (1) 2. MB 1. Mg Br 3. -OH Br 6. 10. 13. OH
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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We know that reactivity of Cl per C-H bond
for 1° alkyl halide = 1
for 2° alkyl halide = 4
for 3° alkyl halide = 5
Formula to use calculate the percentage of mono chlorination product is
Percentage =[ (Number of hydrogen×Relative rate)÷ Relative reaction ]×100
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