Answered: Chemistry Question

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Electron withdrawing group:- It is the group which pulls the electrons towards itself from the system to which it is attached. Example: -NO₂(Nitro) group.
Resonance effect:- It is the effect produced by the cyclic or acyclic system involving conjugation (presence of alternate double bonds) and therefore delocalization of electrons in the whole system equally.

It is represented by this arrow.
This effect is produced by electron withdrawing groups(EWG) or electron donating groups [(EDG)which repell the electrons density towards the system to which it is attached].
It is of two types- (a) +R effect (caused by EDG)

(b) -R effect (caused by EWG)

Inductive effect:- It may be defined as the effect which is produced by the EWG or EDG due to which there results the displacement of electrons along the carbon chain.

It is represented by this arrow.
This effect induces polarity in bond.
It is of two types- (a) +I effect (caused by EDG)= This effect decreases the acidic strength of the compound.